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jack wells

Wind farms can cause climate change, finds new study - Telegraph - 0 views

  • Wind farms can cause climate change, according to new research, that shows for the first time the new technology is already pushing up temperatures.
  • Usually at night the air closer to the ground becomes colder when the sun goes down and the earth cools. But on huge wind farms the motion of the turbines mixes the air higher in the atmosphere that is warmer, pushing up the overall temperature.
    • dpurdy
       
      What this means is that close to the wind farm there is a local warming, not a global impact.
dpurdy

HowStuffWorks "How Fuel Cells Work" - 1 views

  • The fuel cell will compete with many other energy­ conversion devices, including the gas turbine in your city's power plant, the gasoline engine in your car and the battery in your laptop. Combustion engines like the turbine and the gasoline engine burn fuels and use the pressure created by the expansion of the gases to do mechanical work. Batteries convert chemical energy back into electrical energy when needed. Fuel cells should do both tasks more efficiently.
  • Sir William Grove invented the first fuel cell in 1839. Grove knew that water could be split into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current through it (a process called electrolysis). He hypothesized that by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water. He created a primitive fuel cell and called it a gas voltaic battery. After experimenting with his new invention, Grove proved his hypothesis. Fifty years later, scientists Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer coined the term fuel cell while attempting to build a practical model to produce electricity.
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    " Combustion engines like the turbine and the gasoline engine burn fuels and use the pressure created by the expansion of the gases to do mechanical work. Batteries convert chemical energy back into electrical energy when needed. Fuel cells should do both tasks more efficiently."
dpurdy

Energy Report - Hydrogen - 1 views

  • Hydrogen is colorless, odorless, tasteless and non-toxic. It is a gas at temperatures above -423° F and is highly diffuse, having a density approximately 14 times less than that of air. Because it is buoyant and diffusive, hydrogen dissipates quickly in open areas and can move through small spaces, which makes it difficult to store. Hydrogen is flammable over a broad range of gas concentration (from 4 to 74 percent), although its lower flammability limit – that is, the lowest temperature and pressure at which it will combust – is higher than those for some common fuels such as gasoline, propane or diesel.1 Hydrogen has been described as “the fuel of the future.” On Earth, hydrogen is found in combination with other elements such as carbon (hydrocarbons), oxygen (water) and nitrogen (ammonia). Although hydrogen may sometimes be used as a fuel, it is most often used as an energy carrier, such as electricity, and not an energy source. To make hydrogen a usable, stand-alone fuel, it must be separated from these other elements by chemical, thermal or electrochemical processes.
  • History British scientist Henry Cavendish identified hydrogen as a distinct element in 1766. Subsequent experiments by British and French scientists resulted in the first flight of a hydrogen balloon and the discovery that applying electricity to water can produce hydrogen and oxygen.
  • In the 1960s, NASA space capsules used hydrogen fuel cells for onboard electric power, heat and water.
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  • The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) does not maintain comprehensive statistics in this area, but the various demonstration projects suggest that there are some hundreds of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the road in the U.S.
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    On Earth, hydrogen is found in combination with other elements such as carbon (hydrocarbons), oxygen (water) and nitrogen (ammonia). Although hydrogen may sometimes be used as a fuel, it is most often used as an energy carrier, such as electricity, and not an energy source. To make hydrogen a usable, stand-alone fuel, it must be separated from these other elements by chemical, thermal or electrochemical processes.
dpurdy

First Solar to build new solar plant for NRG | Reuters - 0 views

  • t is expected to be completed by the end of 2012, and will sell its output to UniSource Energy Corp's Tucson Electric Power under a 20-year contract
efana1

Wind Power News - The New York Times - 0 views

  • It is popular because it is abundant and provides many communities with a clean, local source of electricity
  • wind power could account for 20 percent of the nation’s electricity supply by 2030
  • two main problems. First, the wind does not blow all the time, so there must be backup power plants
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  • second problem with wind is that it sometimes blows the hardest in remote plains, far from cities that need the energy
osikatho97

Biofuels, Biodiesel and Ethanol - The New York Times - 0 views

  • In the early days of motorized transport, fuels derived from plants lost out to fuels refined from crude oil
  • first-generation biofuels -- chiefly, ethanol made from corn or sugar cane, or biodiesel made from vegetable oil
  • The source plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air as they are growing, and consequently, the carbon dioxide that is released when biofuels are burned does not represent a net addition of that greenhouse gas to the atmosphere.
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  • second-generation biofuels made from plant wastes
dpurdy

Define Wind Energy - Here are Wind Energy Facts - 0 views

  • In scientific terms, wind energy is the "force" of winds blowing across the earth’s surface ("Wind Energy"). Wind is caused by uneven heating on the earth’s surface. The equator region receives more heat than say, Antarctica.
  • That heat tries to move from hotter to colder regions. Wind energy was first harvested centuries ago, when early windmills were used to power millstones, pumps, and forges
  • The amount of kinetic energy within Earth's atmosphere is equal to about 10,000 trillion kilowatt-hours.
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Fuel Cells - Electrochemical Power - 1 views

  • One of the first applications for fuel cells based on their advantageous properties was in the US space program.
  • Compared to IC engines, fuel cells have practically no polluting exhaust like NOx and sulphides.
  • It is generally acknowledged that the feasibility and durability of fuel cells in automobiles has been proven. The major focus now is on cost reduction
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Fuel Cells - Electrochemical Power - 0 views

  • The best known early fuel cell experiments were performed in 1842 by the British physicist and lawyer, Sir William R. Grove (1811-1896)
  • Due to easily accessible and large amounts of oil and the invention of the combustion engine (Carl Friedrich Benz and Gottlieb Daimler), fuel cells were forgotten until the middle of the 20th century. In the US Apollo space programme, fuel cells exhibited their first renaissance in the 1960’s. 
  • Fuel cell development has been slowed down by a fear of hydrogen as a fuel. It is commonly believed that hydrogen is an extremely explosive and dangerous gas. Most of this belief was founded in 1937, when the hydrogen-filled zeppelin “Hindenburg” caught fire and crashed in Lakehurst, USA.
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Wave power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 2 views

  • Waves are generated by wind passing over the surface of the sea. As long as the waves propagate slower than the wind speed just above the waves, there is an energy transfer from the wind to the waves.
  • The first known patent to utilize energy from ocean waves dates back to 1799 and was filed in Paris by Girard and his son.[12] An early application of wave power was a device constructed around 1910 by Bochaux-Praceique to light and power his house at Royan, near Bordeaux in France
  • Once the wave energy is captured at a wave source, power must be carried to the point of use or to a connection to the electrical grid by transmission power cables.[2
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  • The realistically usable worldwide resource has been estimated to be greater than 2 TW.[49][50] Locations with the most potential for wave power include the western seaboard of Europe, the northern coast of the UK, and the Pacific coastlines of North and South America, Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The north and south temperate zones have the best sites for capturing wave power. The prevailing westerlies in these zones blow strongest in winter. Waves are very predictable; waves that are caused by winds can be predicted five days in advance.[citation needed]
  • There is a potential impact on the marine environment. Noise pollution, for example, could have negative impact if not monitored, although the noise and visible impact of each design varies greatly.[5]. Other biophysical impacts (flora and fauna, sediment regimes and water column structure and flows) of scaling up the technology is being studied.[51] In terms of socio-economic challenges, wave farms can result in the displacement of commercial and recreational fishermen from productive fishing grounds, can change the pattern of beach sand nourishment, and may represent hazards to safe navigation.[52] Waves generate about 2,700 gigawatts of power
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EIA Energy Kids - Hydropower - 1 views

  • Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, and the rotation of the Earth. Near shore, water levels can vary up to 40 feet due to tides. Dam of the Tidal Power Plant on the Estuary of the Rance River, Bretagne, France Source: Stock photography (copyrighted) Tidal power is more predictable than wind energy and solar power. A large enough tidal range — 10 feet — is needed to produce tidal energy economically.
  • The United States has no tidal plants and only a few sites where tidal energy could be produced economically. France, England, Canada, and Russia have much more potential to use this type of energy.
  • Tidal turbines are basically wind turbines in the water that can be located anywhere there is strong tidal flow. Because water is about 800 times denser than air, tidal turbines have to be much sturdier than wind turbines. Tidal turbines are heavier and more expensive to build but capture more energy.
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  • Waves are caused by the wind blowing over the surface of the ocean. There is tremendous energy in the ocean waves. It's estimated that the total potential off the coasts of the United States is 252 billion kilowatthours a year, about 6% of the United States' electricity consumption in 2010. The west coasts of the United States and Europe and the coasts of Japan and New Zealand are good sites for harnessing wave energy.
  • Many more ways to capture wave energy are currently under development. Some of these devices being developed are placed underwater, anchored to the ocean floor, while others ride on top of the waves. The world's first commercial wave farm using one such technology opened in 2008 at the Aguçadora Wave Park in Portugal.
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EIA Energy Kids - Solar - 2 views

  • Energy from the Sun The sun has produced energy for billions of years.  Solar energy is the sun’s rays (solar radiation) that reach the Earth. This energy can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity.
  • Photovoltaic (PV devices) or “solar cells” change sunlight directly into electricity. Individual PV cells are grouped into panels and arrays of panels that can be used in a wide range of applications ranging from single small cells that charge calculator and watch batteries, to systems that power single homes, to large power plants covering many acres.
  • Solar energy systems do not produce air pollutants or carbon-dioxide
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  • Solar energy is by far the Earth's most available energy source. Solar power is capable of providing many times the total current energy demand. But it is an intermittent energy source, meaning that it is not available at all times.
  • Photons Carry Solar Energy Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy. These photons contain various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a photovoltaic cell, they may be reflected, pass right through, or be absorbed. Only the absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity. When enough sunlight (energy) is absorbed by the material (a semiconductor), electrons are dislodged from the material's atoms. Special treatment of the material surface during manufacturing makes the front surface of the cell more receptive to free electrons, so the electrons naturally migrate to the surface.
  • Weather Affects Photovoltaics The performance of a photovoltaic array is dependent upon sunlight. Climate conditions (such as clouds or fog) have a significant effect on the amount of solar energy received by a photovoltaic array and, in turn, its performance.
  • History of the Photovoltaic Cell The first practical photovoltaic (PV) cell was developed in 1954 by Bell Telephone researchers examining the sensitivity of a properly prepared silicon wafer to sunlight. Beginning in the late 1950s, PV cells were used to power U.S. space satellites. PV cells were next widely used for small consumer electronics like calculators and watches and to provide electricity in remote or "off-grid" locations were there were no electric power lines. Technology advances and government financial incentives have helped to greatly expand PV use since the mid-1990s.
  • Using solar energy produces no air or water pollution and no greenhouse gases, but does have some indirect impacts on the environment.
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EIA Energy Kids - Biomass - 1 views

  • Biomass is organic material made from plants and animals (microorganisms). Biomass contains stored energy from the sun. Plants absorb the sun's energy in a process called photosynthesis. The chemical energy in plants gets passed on to animals and people that eat them. Biomass is a renewable energy source because we can always grow more trees and crops, and waste will always exist. Some examples of biomass fuels are wood, crops, manure, and some garbage. When burned, the chemical energy in biomass is released as heat. If you have a fireplace, the wood you burn in it is a biomass fuel. Wood waste or garbage can be burned to produce steam for making electricity, or to provide heat to industries and homes.
  • Crops like corn and sugar cane can be fermented to produce ethanol. Biodiesel, another transportation fuel, can be produced from left-over food products like vegetable oils and animal fats.
  • Ethanol and biodiesel were the fuels used in the first automobile and diesel engines, but lower cost gasoline and diesel fuel made from crude oil became the dominant vehicle fuels. The Federal government has promoted ethanol use in vehicles to help reduce oil imports since the mid-1970s.
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  • Compared to petroleum diesel, biodiesel combustion produces less sulfur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and unburned and other hydrocarbons, but more nitrogen oxide.
  • Biofuels may be considered to be carbon-neutral because the plants that are used to make biofuels (such as corn and sugarcane for ethanol, and soy beans and palm oil trees for biodiesel) absorb CO2 as they grow and may offset the CO2 produced when biofuels are made and burned.
  • Growing plants for biofuels is controversial however, as the land, fertilizers, and energy used to grow biofuel crops could be used to grow food crops instead. Also, in some parts of the world, large areas of natural vegetation and forests have been cut down to grow sugar cane for ethanol and soybeans and palm-oil trees to make biodiesel.
  • Biomass — Renewable Energy from Plants and Animals Source: The National Energy Education Project (Public Domain) Source: The National Energy Education Project (Public Domain) Biomass is organic material made from plants
  • Biomass fuels provided about 4% of the energy used in the United States in 2010. Of this, about 46% was from wood and wood-derived biomass, 43% from biofuels (mainly ethanol),
gaworeckilog99

Fuel cell - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • t has to be produced first, and if this is done by burning fossil fuels, it does not help against climate change. But, the hydrogen fuel cell will help against climate change in future, because scientists are trying to find new ways to make hydrogen without using fossil fuels.
mannixjul00

What is Tidal Energy? | Renewable Green Energy Power - 0 views

  • It was used in the watermills along the shores of England during the Roman age and also used along the shores of France and Spain. This period was around 900 AD. The water rising from the tides was impounded in barrages and it was allowed to flow through waterwheels and other energy capturing devices thus capturing the energy and converting it into useful work used to grind grains and produce flour. The first tidal mill in the US was built in Salem, MA in 1635.
  • In recent history it was not until the 1960s that a tidal energy plant was built in France, on the estuary of La Rance, to capture the tidal energy and produce electricity. The plant has been operating for the past 50 or so years producing electricity without missing a tide. The second tidal energy plant was built about 20 years later in 1982 in Nova Scotia, Canada.
  • Water is much denser than air and this means that the tidal energy turbines would be much smaller than the wind energy turbines needed for the production of the same amount of electricity.
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  • produced by the rise and fall of tides which occur in all parts of the world.
mannixjul00

Tidal Energy Advancing in USA >> Offshore Wind - 1 views

  • Verdant Power founders are planning to install up to 30 turbines with the total capacity of 1MW in the East Channel of the East River, writes The Day news portal.
  • Verdant Power is among the first companies that are exploring the potential of the tidal energy. Unlike the wind and solar power, tidal power is predictable as the tides move in correlation with the movement of the moon
  • The initial costs for the development of this technology are high. The company has raised USD 35 million so far and needs USD 25 million more.
sokolkyl00

Towards a Just and Sustainable Solar Industry - Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition - 0 views

  • Although solar panels provide clean energy while in use, a variety of factors during the manufacturing and disposal of these panels have the potential to greatly damage the environment.
  • The most commonly used solar panels are silicon-based panels that share many of the same materials and manufacturing processes as semiconductors. Solar panels have the potential to create an e-waste burden if the proper infrastructure is not developed before the first wave of panels begins to come down.
westkea00

Wave Energy technology produces both clean water and clean energy : TreeHugger - 0 views

  • nstead of generating electricity at sea and sending it to shore, a different kind of wave energy device is in the works in Australia, and it promises to deliver not only emissions-free electricity, but also emissions-free desalinated water.The technology, called CETO after a Greek sea goddess, is being developed by Carnegie Wave Energy Limited, and their upcoming 2MW pilot project near the Perth Wave Energy demo site will be the first wave powered desalination plant in world
westkea00

Pelamis Wave Power - 0 views

  • Since 1998, the Pelamis development programme has covered all aspects of the design from the fundamental concept refinement through to accelerated cycle testing of individual components for reliability.
  • During the first phase of Pelamis development prior to full-scale operations in 2004, extensive numerical modelling and analysis and a range of technology demonstration models at different scales were used to understand survival characteristics in extreme waves and verify the accuracy of our simulations
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