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dpurdy

HowStuffWorks "How Fuel Cells Work" - 1 views

auto.howstuffworks.com/...fuel-cell1.htm

hydrogen future potential uses history

shared by dpurdy on 26 Oct 12 - Cached
  • The fuel cell will compete with many other energy­ conversion devices, including the gas turbine in your city's power plant, the gasoline engine in your car and the battery in your laptop. Combustion engines like the turbine and the gasoline engine burn fuels and use the pressure created by the expansion of the gases to do mechanical work. Batteries convert chemical energy back into electrical energy when needed. Fuel cells should do both tasks more efficiently.
  • Sir William Grove invented the first fuel cell in 1839. Grove knew that water could be split into hydrogen and oxygen by sending an electric current through it (a process called electrolysis). He hypothesized that by reversing the procedure you could produce electricity and water. He created a primitive fuel cell and called it a gas voltaic battery. After experimenting with his new invention, Grove proved his hypothesis. Fifty years later, scientists Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer coined the term fuel cell while attempting to build a practical model to produce electricity.
  • carrowluk99 on 26 Oct 12
     
    " Combustion engines like the turbine and the gasoline engine burn fuels and use the pressure created by the expansion of the gases to do mechanical work. Batteries convert chemical energy back into electrical energy when needed. Fuel cells should do both tasks more efficiently."
smithjul98

Biodiesel Fuel Uses - 0 views

www.ultimate-biodiesel-guide.com/biodiesel-fuel-uses.html

biofuel uses potential future

shared by smithjul98 on 13 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • There already many biodiesel fuel uses, and as technology continues to develop, so do the opportunities to replace traditional fossil fuels with this viable alternative.
bureaumar98

Biofuels | Biofuel Guide - 0 views

biofuelguide.net/biofuels

biofuels guide what

shared by bureaumar98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • There have been studies that prove the many benefits of substituting fossil fuels (petroleum, etc) with biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol. In its simplest sense, such biofuels are biodegradable which means they are derived from organic materials. They are naturally renewable. It can create numerous jobs since our own farmers can practically make them domestically. Consequently, our reliance on foreign sources of fossil fuels will be significantly reduced. Moreover, these biofuels emit nontoxic and cleaner emissions in comparison to traditional fuels. These alternative fuels also do not promote global warming, since the carbon they emit is taken back to the environment.
  • biofuel is far more simple and easy to use
Connor Wiggins

HowStuffWorks "How Fuel Cells Work" - 0 views

auto.howstuffworks.com/...fuel-cell.htm

fuel cell sustainable

shared by Connor Wiggins on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • This initiative, supported by legislation in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) and the Advanced Energy Initiative of 2006, aims to develop hydrogen, fuel cell and infrastructure technologies to make fuel-cell vehicles practical and cost-effective by 2020
  • Why are governments, private businesses and academic institutions collaborating to develop and produce them? Fuel cells generate electrical power quietly and efficiently, without pollution. Unlike power
  • that use fossil fuels, the by-products from an operating fuel cell are heat and water
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • With a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead -- as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.
  • If you want to be technical about it, a fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity.
  • polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
  • United States has dedicated more than one billion dollars to fuel cell research and development so far.So what exactly is a fuel cell,
  • With a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead -- as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.
  • ricciardellinick on 08 Mar 13
     
    "In 2003, President Bush announced a program called the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (HFI) during his State of the Union Address."
  • Connor Wiggins on 11 Mar 13
     
    It shows how its sustainable 
bureaumar98

Industry:Biofuels - 0 views

www.wikinvest.com/...Biofuels

biofuels what

shared by bureaumar98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Biofuel, based on fuel derived from organic biomass from recently living animals or plants or their byproducts, has transformed from a niche alternative to fossil fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel) to become a booming industr
  • The term “biofuels” encompasses a wide range of fuels, including vegetable oils, animal fats, ethanol, biodiesel (any oil or fat that undergoes transesterification to more closely resemble mineral-based fuel), and synfuel (fuel made from gasified organic matter, then liquefied to form fuel). The main common trait of all these fuels is that they are derived from organic biomass, rather than minerals.
smithjul98

Biodiesel.org - FAQ - 0 views

www.biodiesel.org/faqs

biofuel FAQ biodiesel

shared by smithjul98 on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • smithjul98 on 15 Mar 12
     
    Biodiesel (mono alkyl esters) is a cleaner-burning diesel fuel made from natural, renewable sources such as vegetable oils. Because it is renewable and domestically produced, biodiesel fits well under the Energy Policy Act of 1992, which is in place to help ensure national energy security through replacing imported petroleum products with domestic alternative fuels.
shannonlan97

Disadvantages of Wind Energy - Don't Get Blown Away by All The Positives of Wind - 2 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/advantages-of-wind-energy.html

disadvantages turbines impact wind pollution cost location

shared by shannonlan97 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • 3.Wind Turbines Interfere with Television Reception.
  • Some of these blades can have a span of 100 or more feet.
  • birds easily fly into the blade path and get killed.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • get about a hundred of these "bad boys" cranking out a few hundred RPM's and you might have the sound of an alien attack.
  • If you do live along the coast, your personal property is rather expensive and you might not be able to afford the opportunity to afford the land, let alone a wind generator.
tillmanash98

Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biof... - 0 views

www.pnas.org/...11206.short

biofuels costs benefits biodiesel ethanol environmental

shared by tillmanash98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and concerns about petroleum supplies have spurred the search for renewable transportation biofuels.
  • To be a viable alternative, a biofuel should provide a net energy gain, have environmental benefits, be economically competitive, and be producible in large quantities without reducing food supplies.
  • Ethanol yields 25% more energy than the energy invested in its production, whereas biodiesel yields 93% more. Compared with ethanol, biodiesel releases just 1.0%, 8.3%, and 13% of the agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticide pollutants, respectively, per net energy gain. Relative to the fossil fuels they displace, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced 12% by the production and combustion of ethanol and 41% by biodiesel. Biodiesel also releases less air pollutants per net energy gain than ethanol.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Even dedicating all U.S. corn and soybean production to biofuels would meet only 12% of gasoline demand and 6% of diesel demand. Until recent increases in petroleum prices, high production costs made biofuels unprofitable without subsidies. Biodiesel provides sufficient environmental advantages to merit subsidy. Transportation biofuels such as synfuel hydrocarbons or cellulosic ethanol, if produced from low-input biomass grown on agriculturally marginal land or from waste biomass, could provide much greater supplies and environmental benefits than food-based biofuels.
  • We use these criteria to evaluate, through life-cycle accounting, ethanol from corn grain and biodiesel from soybeans.
  • These advantages of biodiesel over ethanol come from lower agricultural inputs and more efficient conversion of feedstocks to fuel. Neither biofuel can replace much petroleum without impacting food supplies.
dpurdy

A Basic Overview of Fuel Cell Technology - 0 views

americanhistory.si.edu/...basics.htm

hydrogen fuel cell what how

shared by dpurdy on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  •   Fuel Cell Basics Through this website we are seeking historical materials relating to fuel cells. We have constructed the site to gather information from people already familiar with the technology–people such as inventors, researchers, manufacturers, electricians, and marketers. This Basics section presents a general overview of fuel cells for casual visitors. What is a fuel cell? How do fuel cells work? Why can’t I go out and buy a fuel cell? Different types of fuel cells.     What is a fuel cell? A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes.
  • in general terms, hydrogen atoms enter a fuel cell at the anode where a chemical reaction strips them of their electrons. The hydrogen atoms are now “ionized,” and carry a positive electrical charge. The negatively charged electrons provide the current through wires to do work. If alternating current (AC) is needed, the DC output of the fuel cell must be routed through a conversion device called an inverter.
  • Oxygen enters the fuel cell at the cathode and, in some cell types (like the one illustrated above), it there combines with electrons returning from the electrical circuit and hydrogen ions that have traveled through the electrolyte from the anode. In other cell types the oxygen picks up electrons and then travels through the electrolyte to the anode, where it combines with hydrogen ions.
dpurdy

History of Biofuels - BioFuel Information - 1 views

biofuel.org.uk/history-of-biofuels.html

biofuel history

shared by dpurdy on 13 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Biofuels in the solid form has been in use ever since man discovered fire.
  • Wood was the first form of biofuel that was used even by the ancient people for cooking and heating
  • This form of fuel was discovered even before the discovery of the fossil fuels, but with the exploration of the fossil fuel like gas, coal, and oil the production and use of biofuel suffered a severe impact.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • One of the first inventors to convince the people of the use of ethanol was a German named Nikolaus August Otto. Rudolf Diesel is the German inventor of the diesel engine. He designed his diesel engine to run in peanut oil and later Henry Ford designed the Model T car which was produced from 1903 to 1926. This car was completely designed to use hemp derived biofuel as fuel
  • n the period of World War II, the high demand of biofuels was due to the increased use as an alternative for imported fuel. In this period, Germany was one of the countries that underwent a serious shortage of fuel. It was during this period that various other inventions took place like the use of gasoline along with alcohol that was derived from potatoes. Britain was the second country which came up with the concept of grain alcohol mixed with petrol
bartontri97

New Platinum Could Mean Cheaper, More Efficient Fuel Cells - 0 views

www.alternative-energy-news.info/aper-more-efficient-fuel-cells

fuel cells hydrogen pollution

shared by bartontri97 on 13 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that transform the chemical energy of a fuel into electricity generating water as a by-product.
  • Fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen to complete their energy-producing reactions.
bureaumar98

Biofuels - Solid, liquid, or gas fuels made from biomass - 0 views

www.alternative-energy-news.info/...biofuels

biofuels what

shared by bureaumar98 on 13 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Biofuels are produced from living organisms or from metabolic by-products (organic or food waste products). In order to be considered a biofuel the fuel must contain over 80 percent renewable materials
pondalb98

Wind Energy Basics - 5 views

windeis.anl.gov/...index.cfm

wind convert

shared by pondalb98 on 13 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetative cover. This wind flow, or motion energy, when "harvested" by modern wind turbines, can be used to generate electricity.
  • The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity
  • The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric generator that supplies an electric current
  • Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model
  • wind farm, and generate bulk electrical power
  • Utility-scale turbines range in size from 50 to 750 kilowatts. Single small turbines, below 50 kilowatts
  • Wind energy is very abundant in many parts of the United States. Wind resources are characterized by wind-power density classes, ranging from class 1 (the lowest) to class 7 (the highest). Good wind resources (e.g., class 3 and above, which have an average annual wind speed of at least 13 miles per hour) are found in many locations (see United States Wind Energy Resource Map)
  • free, renewable resource, so no matter how much is used today, there will still be the same supply in the future
  • clean, non-polluting, electricity. Unlike conventional power plants, wind plants emit no air pollutants or greenhouse gases
  • higher initial investment than fossil-fueled generators. Roughly 80% of the cost is the machinery, with the balance being site preparation and installation.
  • Although wind power plants have relatively little impact on the environment compared to fossil fuel power plants, there is some concern over the noise produced by the rotor blades, aesthetic (visual) impacts, and birds and bats having been killed (avian/bat mortality) by flying into the rotors. Most of these problems have been resolved or greatly reduced through technological development or by properly siting wind plants
  • remote locations far from areas of electric power demand (such as cities)
  • alternative uses may be more highly valued than electricity generation. However, wind turbines can be located on land that is also used for grazing or even farming
  • Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetative cover. This wind flow, or motion energy, when "harvested" by modern wind turbines, can be used to generate electricity.
  • The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, schools, and the like.
  • Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity.
  • Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Most large modern wind turbines are horizontal-axis turbines.
  • Wind is a form of solar energy
  • The terms "wind energy" or "wind power
  • describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity.
  • Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity.
  • freeberntay99 on 08 Mar 13
     
    "Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetative cover. This wind flow, or motion energy, when "harvested" by modern wind turbines, can be used to generate electricity."
  • pondalb98 on 12 Mar 13
     
    "Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Most large modern wind turbines are horizontal-axis turbines."
bartontri97

New Hope for Hydrogen Storage - 0 views

www.alternative-energy-news.info/new-hope-for-hydrogen-storage

hydrogen

shared by bartontri97 on 13 Mar 12 - Cached
  • It is plenty in nature although it doesn’t occur freely but in association with other compounds.
  • It does not produce greenhouse gases that are damaging to the surroundings.
bartontri97

Hydrogen Fuel - Energy from reacting hydrogen (H2) with oxygen - 1 views

www.alternative-energy-news.info/...hydrogen-fuel

hydrogen fuel cells

shared by bartontri97 on 13 Mar 12 - Cached
    • bartontri97
      bartontri97 on 13 Mar 12
       
      use this pic 
geczyluk99

Fuel Cell Vehicles: Challenges - 1 views

www.fueleconomy.gov/...fcv_challenges.shtml

hydrogen cost fuel cell

shared by geczyluk99 on 19 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Fuel cell system costs have decreased significantly over the past several years but are still nearly twice as high as those for internal combustion engines. Likewise, onboard hydrogen storage costs are currently $15–$18/kWh for high-pressure gaseous storage, while the commercialization target is $2/kWh. There is potential to reduce this cost using lower-cost carbon fiber tanks or materials-based storage technologies, such as metal hydrides.
    • dpurdy
      dpurdy on 19 Mar 12
       
      as noted in the graph. the cost has been coming down. If it keeps on dropping it will be a good system in the future.
    • dpurdy
      dpurdy on 19 Mar 12
       
      Just click on the more link. 
  • FCVs will have to offer consumers a viable alternative, especially in terms of performance, durability, and cost, to survive in this ultra-competitive market.
  • dpurdy on 19 Mar 12
     
    Cost per kilowat to generate/
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

Huge challenges in scaling up biofuels infrastructure - 1 views

www.physorg.com/news201799021.html

biofuel infrastructure potential

shared by dpurdy on 22 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Major changes will be needed to grow, handle, transport and store the immense quantities of biomass -- mostly lignocellulosic feedstocks such as switchgrass, crop residues and forest wastes -- necessary to continually feed electric power generation stations and produce biofuels for transportation,
  • converting to a system in which biomass provides much of the country's energy will require new ways of thinking about agriculture, energy infrastructure and rural economic development.
  • It is estimated that bioenergy has the potential to provide up to 60 percent of the world's primary energy, and biomass seems poised to provide a major alternative to fossil fuels,"
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • "Thus, the combination of expected growth in energy demand and the lower density of biomass imply that by 2050, biomass transport volumes will be greater than the current capacity of the entire energy and agricultural commodity infrastructure,
  • "For example, a large biofuel plant would require 16 to 20 tanker trucks or railcars per day to move the fuel to market, increasing both traffic and costs."
knightoli99

What Is Geothermal Energy? - 1 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/whatisgeothermalenergy.html

geothermal

shared by knightoli99 on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • What is geothermal energy? Simply put, it is energy from the Earth. Geo refers to the solid part of the Earth and thermal refers to heat energy. Anywhere the Earth's surface is in close proximity to magma or volcanic activity under or near the Earth's surface, we can harness the energy.
  • knightoli99 on 15 Mar 13
     
    "What is geothermal energy? Simply put, it is energy from the Earth. Geo refers to the solid part of the Earth and thermal refers to heat energy. Anywhere the Earth's surface is in close proximity to magma or volcanic activity under or near the Earth's surface, we can harness the energy. According to the Department of Energy,"Geothermal energy technologies use the heat of the earth for direct-use applications, geothermal heat pumps, and electrical power production. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma. Three power plant technologies are being used to convert hydrothermal fluids to electricity. The type of conversion used depends on whether the fluid is steam or water and its temperature."
dpurdy

Advantages of Geothermal Energy - What are the Advantages of Geothermal Energy? - 0 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/ages-of-geothermal-energy.html

geothermal energy advantage

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Geothermal Energy produces no pollution. There are virtually no greenhouse gases given off. There is no pollution.
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dpurdy

Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy - It's All Location, Location, Location - 0 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/ages-of-geothermal-energy.html

geothermal energy disavantage location

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • 3. You cannot transport geothermal energy. I used to live in the coal region of Pennsylvania. For years coal trucks used to drive by our front door hauling Anthracite coal to home and industries.
  • 4. There may be geothermal gases. Geothermal steam and hot water do contain naturally occurring traces of hydrogen sulfide (a gas that smells like rotten eggs) and other gases and chemicals that can be harmful in high concentrations.
  • anonymous on 03 Oct 13
     
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