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conboyeri98

Fuel cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/Fuel_cell

fuelcell fuel cell

shared by conboyeri98 on 21 Mar 12 - Cached
  • A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.[1] Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can produce electricity continually for as long as these inputs are supplied
  • A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.
  • A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.[1] Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can produce electricity continually for as long as these inputs are supplied.
  • There are many types of fuel cells, but they all consist of an anode (negative side), a cathode (positive side) and an electrolyte that allows charges to move between the two sides of the fuel cell.
  • The principle of the fuel cell was discovered by German scientist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838
  • Stationary fuel cells are used for commercial, industrial and residential primary and backup power generation. Fuel cells are very useful as power sources in remote locations, such as spacecraft, remote weather stations, large parks, communications centers, rural locations including research stations, and in certain military applications. A fuel cell system running on hydrogen can be compact and lightweight, and have no major moving parts. Because fuel cells have no moving parts and do not involve combustion, in ideal conditions they can achieve up to 99.9999% reliability.[49] This equates to less than one minute of downtime in a six-year period.
  • Although there are currently no Fuel cell vehicles available for commercial sale, over 20 FCEVs prototypes and demonstration cars have been released since 2009. Demonstration models include the Honda FCX Clarity, Toyota FCHV-adv, and Mercedes-Benz F-Cell.[64] As of June 2011 demonstration FCEVs had driven more than 4,800,000 km (3,000,000 mi), with more than 27,000 refuelings.[65]
  • A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.[1] Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used.
  • The fuel cell he made used similar materials to today's phosphoric-acid fuel cell.
  • In 2003, U.S. President George W. Bush proposed the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (HFI). This aimed at further developing hydrogen fuel cells and infrastructure technologies with the goal of producing commercial fuel cell vehicles. By 2008, the U.S. had contributed 1 billion dollars to this project
  • collignonaut99 on 08 Mar 13
     
    "A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.[1] Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can produce electricity continually for as long as these inputs are supplied."
  • ...1 more comment...
  • conboyeri98 on 11 Mar 13
     
    Explains what a fuel cell is.
  • olearydev99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    "Individual fuel cells produce relatively small electrical potentials, about 0.7 volts, so cells are "stacked", or placed in series, to increase the voltage and meet an application's requirements.[2] In addition to electricity, fuel cells produce water, heat and, depending on the fuel source, very small amounts of nitrogen dioxide and other emissions. The energy efficiency of a fuel cell is generally between 40-60%, or up to 85% efficient if waste heat is captured for use."
  • ricciardellinick on 11 Mar 13
     
    "A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.[1] Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used."
freedenjoh99

Hydrogen Basics - Fuel Cells - 1 views

www.fsec.ucf.edu/...fuelcells.htm

fuel cell convert

shared by freedenjoh99 on 21 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • A fuel cell converts the chemical energy in hydrogen and oxygen into direct current electrical energy by electrochemical reactions. Fuel cells are devices that convert hydrogen gas directly into low-voltage, direct current electricity. The cell has no moving parts.
  • The process is essentially the reverse of the electrolytic method of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. In the fuel cell, the cathode terminal is positively charged and the anode terminal is negatively charged. These electrodes are separated by a membrane. Hydrogen gas is converted into electrons and protons (positive hydrogen ions) at the anode. The protons pass through the membrane to the cathode, leaving behind negatively charged electrons. This creates a flow of direct current electricity between the terminals when connected with an external circuit. This current can power an electric motor placed in this circuit. The hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen combine at the cathode to form water, the only byproduct of the process.
  • collignonaut99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    " 13kW PEM fuel cell (Photo: Ballard Power Systems, Inc.) The process is essentially the reverse of the electrolytic method of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. In the fuel cell, the cathode terminal is positively charged and the anode terminal is negatively charged. These electrodes are separated by a membrane. Hydrogen gas is converted into electrons and protons (positive hydrogen ions) at the anode. The protons pass through the membrane to the cathode, leaving behind negatively charged electrons. This creates a flow of direct current electricity between the terminals when connected with an external circuit. This current can power an electric motor placed in this circuit. The hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen combine at the cathode to form water, the only byproduct of the process"
dpurdy

Hydrogen cars ready to roll - for a price - US news - Environment - Green Machines - ms... - 0 views

www.msnbc.msn.com/...hydrogen-cars-ready-roll-price

hydrogen cost

shared by dpurdy on 21 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • The cost varies too, from $1 to $20 a kilo. A gallon of gasoline has the same energy content as a kilo of hydrogen, but vehicles using the latter get two to three times higher mileage.
rutalil00

Wind power in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...ind_power_in_the_United_States

current

shared by rutalil00 on 21 Mar 12 - Cached
  • The use of wind power in the United States has expanded quickly over the last several years. Construction of new wind power generation capacity in 2011 totaled 6810 megawatts
  • The use of wind power in the United States has expanded quickly over the last several years.
  • Wind power in the United States is a branch of the energy industry, expanding quickly over the last several years. Construction of new wind power generation capacity in the fourth quarter of 2012 totaled 8,380 megawatts (MW) bringing the cumulative installed capacity to 60,007 MW.[1] This capacity is exceeded only by China.[2] For the 12 months until July 2013, the electricity produced from wind power in the United States amounted to 157.8 terawatt-hours, or 3.91% of all generated electrical energy.[3]
  • pondalb98 on 12 Mar 13
     
    "The use of wind power in the United States has expanded quickly over the last several years."
  • crumnic00 on 24 Sep 13
     
    cumulative installed capacity to 60,007 MW.[1]
camptif97

Fuel cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/Fuel_cells

pollution

shared by camptif97 on 20 Mar 12 - Cached
  • a fuel cell power plant using natural gas as a hydrogen source would create less than one ounce of pollution (other than CO2) for every 1,000 kW produced, compared to 25 pounds of pollutants generated by conventional combustion systems
  • Fuel Cells also produce 97% less nitrogen oxide emissions then conventional coal-fired power plants.
dpurdy

Huge challenges in scaling up biofuels infrastructure - 1 views

www.physorg.com/news201799021.html

biofuel infrastructure potential

shared by dpurdy on 22 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Major changes will be needed to grow, handle, transport and store the immense quantities of biomass -- mostly lignocellulosic feedstocks such as switchgrass, crop residues and forest wastes -- necessary to continually feed electric power generation stations and produce biofuels for transportation,
  • converting to a system in which biomass provides much of the country's energy will require new ways of thinking about agriculture, energy infrastructure and rural economic development.
  • It is estimated that bioenergy has the potential to provide up to 60 percent of the world's primary energy, and biomass seems poised to provide a major alternative to fossil fuels,"
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • "Thus, the combination of expected growth in energy demand and the lower density of biomass imply that by 2050, biomass transport volumes will be greater than the current capacity of the entire energy and agricultural commodity infrastructure,
  • "For example, a large biofuel plant would require 16 to 20 tanker trucks or railcars per day to move the fuel to market, increasing both traffic and costs."
filionmar99

File:World energy consumption by type 2006.png - Wikimedia Commons - 3 views

commons.wikimedia.org/...y_consumption_by_type_2006.png

current biofuel

shared by filionmar99 on 28 Mar 12 - No Cached
    • dpurdy
      dpurdy on 28 Mar 12
       
      Great graph on energy use in each area.
  • current
dpurdy

http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/5011_h2_potential_solar_wind.pdf - 2 views

www.hydrogen.energy.gov/...11_h2_potential_solar_wind.pdf

hydrogen potential solar

shared by dpurdy on 20 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

Traditional Energy Sources vs. Green Power Sources | National Geographic - 2 views

greenliving.nationalgeographic.com/-green-power-sources-2442.html

pollution Fossil coal biofuel

shared by dpurdy on 20 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Coal generates 2,249 pounds of carbon dioxide, 13 pounds of sulfur dioxide and 6 pounds of nitrogen oxides for every megawatt hour of energy generated.
  • Biomass produces nitrogen oxides and small amounts of sulfur dioxide. The amount of carbon dioxide produced does not exceed that of the Earth's normal carbon cycle and is considered negligible.
dpurdy

How Much Solar Energy Can We Harvest? - 2 views

home.iprimus.com.au/...solen.html

solar potential future

shared by dpurdy on 20 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • The sun delivers about 7000 times more energy than we currently consume globally. However, we cannot cover the whole surface of the Earth with solar energy collectors. How much of this energy can we collect? Will it be enough to replace fossil fuels?
  • Our global consumption of electricity in 2005 was 15,182 TWh/y (see The Little Green Handbook). However, 9,541 TWh/y of electricity was produced by fossil fuels and 2,555 TWh/y by nuclear power, or the total 12,096 TWh/y. Assuming the lowest solar potential and the lowest efficiency of solar cells we can calculate that we could produce 35 times more electricity than produced by fossil fuels and nuclear power. The additional advantage is that solar power is clean and last practically forever.
  • Even if we used only 1% of unused land area we could produce nearly 4 times more electricity than we produce using fossil fuels and nuclear power.
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

A hydrogen fueling station powered by the wind | The Car Tech blog - CNET Reviews - 0 views

reviews.cnet.com/...ng-station-powered-by-the-wind

hydrogen wind sustainable future potential

shared by dpurdy on 04 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Figuring out an inexpensive and carbon-neutral way to produce an abundant amount of hydrogen will be key to the success of fuel cell vehicles
dpurdy

Winds, Waves, Tides - Ocean Energy | Environmental News, Articles & Information | Globa... - 2 views

www.ecoworld.com/...-waves-tides-ocean-energy.html

cost how what sustainable future

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Can Already Cost Under $.06 per Kilowatt Hour * Pneumatic devices, such as the oscillating water column (OWC), use wave motion to compress and decompress air, and drive a turbine. * Float-based devices utilise a buoyant float moving with the waves, reacting against a sea bed anchor in order to harness energy. * Spillover devices utilise wave height to replenish a reservoir of seawater, which runs a turbine. * Raft-type devices use the relative motion of adjacent rafts or pontoons to harness wave energy. * Moving-body devices articulate in the water, inducing motion, which may be used to drive a hydraulic motor.
  • Tidal stream devices extract energy from the diurnal flow of tidal currents (caused by the gravitational pull of the moon). Unlike wind and wave power, tidal streams offer entirely predictable output. However, as the lunar cycle is of around 25 hours’ duration, the timing of peak outputs differs by around an hour each day and tidal energy cannot be guaranteed at times of peak demand.
  • However, several large grid-connected demonstration projects are expected to enter the water in the near future. Tidal stream is thus a few years behind wave energy.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The manufacturers of all these devices expect to deliver energy at a cost of 10-14 US cents per kWh, falling to below 6 US cents as experience grows and technologies mature
  • Marine Current Turbines is about to field test a submerged 300 kW tidal turbine off Devon in the United Kingdom
  • Power generation using wave energy is at a much earlier stage of development. Wave energy offers more predictable outputs than wind, but in early 2003 there was only around one megawatt of generating capacity installed worldwide, all of it essentially with demonstration prototypes. Proposed projects are likely to take this to about 6 MW over the next few years. The wave industry is characterised by a wide variety of novel devices
dpurdy

Converting Coal into Electricity ~ All About Coal ~ American Coal Foundation - 1 views

www.teachcoal.org/...coalconvert.html

Fossil fuels convert electricity coal grid

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - Cached
  • The coal powder mixes with hot air, which helps the coal burn more efficiently, and the mixture moves to the furnace. The burning coal heats water in a boiler, creating steam. Steam released from the boiler powers an engine called a turbine, transforming heat energy from burning coal into mechanical energy that spins the turbine engine. The spinning turbine is used to power a generator, a machine that turns mechanical energy into electric energy. This happens when magnets inside a copper coil in the generator spin.
  • Electricity-generating plants send out electricity using a transformer, which increases the voltage of the electricity based on the amount required and the distance it must travel. Voltages are often as high as 500,000 volts at this point.  Electricity flows along transmission lines to substation transformers. These transformers reduce the voltage for use in the local areas to be served.  From the substation transformers, electricity travels along distribution lines, which can be either above or below the ground, to cities and towns. Transformers once again reduce the voltage—this time to about 120 to 140 volts—for safe use inside homes and businesses. The delivery process is instantaneous. By the time you have flipped a switch to turn on a light, electricity has been delivered.
    • dpurdy
      dpurdy on 03 Nov 11
       
      This previous paragraph is about how electricity gets to your home.
  • anonymous on 05 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

War of Currents - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...War_of_Currents

blah

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
    • dpurdy
      dpurdy on 03 Nov 11
       
      use this picture for how generators work.
  • The advantage of AC for distributing power over a distance is due to the ease of changing voltages using a transformer. Available power is the product of current × voltage at the load. For a given amount of powe
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dpurdy

Solar Energy and Energy Independence - 1 views

www.americanenergyindependence.com/solarenergy.aspx

solar potential

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Science tells us that every square meter of the earth's surface, when exposed to direct sunlight, receives about 1000 watts (1 kilowatt) of energy from the sun's light.
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knightoli99

What Is Geothermal Energy? - 1 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/whatisgeothermalenergy.html

geothermal

shared by knightoli99 on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • What is geothermal energy? Simply put, it is energy from the Earth. Geo refers to the solid part of the Earth and thermal refers to heat energy. Anywhere the Earth's surface is in close proximity to magma or volcanic activity under or near the Earth's surface, we can harness the energy.
  • knightoli99 on 15 Mar 13
     
    "What is geothermal energy? Simply put, it is energy from the Earth. Geo refers to the solid part of the Earth and thermal refers to heat energy. Anywhere the Earth's surface is in close proximity to magma or volcanic activity under or near the Earth's surface, we can harness the energy. According to the Department of Energy,"Geothermal energy technologies use the heat of the earth for direct-use applications, geothermal heat pumps, and electrical power production. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma. Three power plant technologies are being used to convert hydrothermal fluids to electricity. The type of conversion used depends on whether the fluid is steam or water and its temperature."
dpurdy

Advantages of Geothermal Energy - What are the Advantages of Geothermal Energy? - 0 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/ages-of-geothermal-energy.html

geothermal energy advantage

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Geothermal Energy produces no pollution. There are virtually no greenhouse gases given off. There is no pollution.
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dpurdy

Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy - It's All Location, Location, Location - 0 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/ages-of-geothermal-energy.html

geothermal energy disavantage location

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • 3. You cannot transport geothermal energy. I used to live in the coal region of Pennsylvania. For years coal trucks used to drive by our front door hauling Anthracite coal to home and industries.
  • 4. There may be geothermal gases. Geothermal steam and hot water do contain naturally occurring traces of hydrogen sulfide (a gas that smells like rotten eggs) and other gases and chemicals that can be harmful in high concentrations.
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dpurdy

Biomass Fuel - The Basics of Biomass Fuel - 1 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/biomassfuel.html

Biomass energy what

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Biomass fuel refers to anything that can either burn or decompose. Other terms are biomass energy or biofuel. The prefix "bio" refers to life.
  • Also utilizing the source of bioenergy reduces pollution, helps control carbon dioxide emissions ( Remember, plants take in CO2 which will offset emissions)
  • dpurdy on 03 Nov 11
     
    Biomass fuel refers to anything that can either burn or decompose. Other terms are biomass energy or biofuel. The prefix "bio" refers to life.
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