Physics of the Future

"In a nuclear thermal rocket a working fluid, usually liquid hydrogen, is heated to a high temperature in a nuclear reactor, and then expands through a rocket nozzle to create thrust." A nuclear rocket would have nuclear reactors in it to power it. This would replace the chemical energy of rockets now.

"A space elevator is a proposed type of space transportation system.[1] Its main component is a ribbon-like cable (also called a tether) anchored to the surface and extending into space." The space elevator is a not yet actual idea of travelling into space without the large space shuttles.

"The terraforming of Mars is the hypothetical process by which Martian climate, surface, and known properties would be deliberately changed with the goal of making large areas of the environment more hospitable to human habitation, thus making human colonization much safer and more sustainable." Terraforming Mars is the idea of making Mars suitable for humans to live there. It hasn't become an actual thing yet.

"SAN FRANCISCO - 3-D printing, used to construct everything from art to toys to spare parts for the space station, may one day produce human organs at a hospital near you. click image to enlarge A 3-D printed prosthetic nose and ear are displayed at an industry show in London in November. The technology may eventually help reduce organ shortages. Bloomberg News photo by Chris Ratcliffe Select images available for purchase in the Maine Today Photo Store The 20-year-old technology uses liquid materials that become hard as they print out three-dimensional objects in layers, based on a digital model. Current medical uses are in dentistry, for hard-material crowns, caps and bridges, as well as prosthetics. Last year, a 3-D printer was used to create a structure from moldable polymer that replaced more than 75 percent of a patient's skull. Now, Organovo Holdings Inc. is using 3-D printers to create living tissue that may one day look and act like a human liver, able to cleanse the body of toxins. Drugmakers and cosmetic companies already plan to use 3-D printed human tissue to test new products. Eventually, the technology may help reduce organ shortages and cut transplant rejections as patients receive new organs constructed from their own cells. "3-D printing is like a new tool set," said Organovo Chief Executive Officer Keith Murphy. "You can make a living tissue you can grow outside the body. That's the core of our technology. How can you be smart about doing that?" Organovo already is preparing to sell strips of liver tissue to drugmakers this year to be used to test toxicity of potential treatments, Murphy said in a telephone interview. The San Diego-based company's five- and 10-year goals are first to use a patient's own cells to print tissue strips that can be used to patch failing organs, and finally to be able to create entire new organs. The first 3-D printer was produced in 1992. Since then, a variety of materials have been used as the t

"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), or magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to investigate the anatomy and function of the body in both health and disease. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields and radiowaves to form images of the body. The technique is widely used in hospitals for medical diagnosis, staging of disease and for follow-up without exposure to ionizing radiation." This is about the MRI scan. It gives a definition of it and tells about it.

"A computed tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays to make detailed pictures of structures inside of the body. During the test, you will lie on a table that is attached to the CT scanner, which is a large doughnut-shaped machine. The CT scanner sends X-rays through the body area being studied. Each rotation of the scanner provides a picture of a thin slice of the organ or area. All of the pictures are saved as a group on a computer. They also can be printed. In some cases, a dye called contrast material may be used. It may be put in a vein (IV) in your arm, or it may be placed into other parts of your body (such as the rectum or a joint) to see those areas better. For some types of CT scans you drink the dye. The dye makes structures and organs easier to see on the CT pictures. A CT scan can be used to study all parts of your body, such as the chest, belly, pelvis, or an arm or leg. It can take pictures of body organs, such as the liver, pancreas, intestines, kidneys, bladder, adrenal glands, lungs, and heart. It also can study blood vessels, bones, and the spinal cord. Fluoroscopy CT is a special test that is not widely available. It uses a steady beam of X-rays to look at movement within the body. It allows the doctor to see your organs move or to guide a biopsy needle or other instrument into the right place inside your body." This talks about the CAT (CT) scan. It tells how it is preformed.

"A PET scan uses a small amount of radioactive material (tracer). The  tracer is given through a vein (IV), most often on the inside of your elbow. The tracer travels through your blood and collects in organs and tissues. This helps the radiologist see certain areas of concern more clearly. You will need to wait nearby as the tracer is absorbed by your body. This takes about 1 hour. Then, you will lie on a narrow table that slides into a large tunnel-shaped scanner. The PET picks up detects signals from the tracer. A computer changes the signals into 3-D pictures. The images are displayed on a monitor for your doctor to read. You must lie still during test. Too much movement can blur images and cause errors. How long the test takes depends on what part of the body is being scanned." This talks about how a PET scan is preformed and other stuff about the PET scan.

"The Matrix is a 1999 American-Australian science fiction action film written and directed by The Wachowski Brothers, starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, and Joe Pantoliano. It depicts a dystopian future in which reality as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated reality called "the Matrix", created by sentient machines to subdue the human population, while their bodies' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source. Computer programmer "Neo" learns this truth and is drawn into a rebellion against the machines, which involves other people who have been freed from the "dream world"." This is what I found about "The Matrix". It does not go with Wealth. This should not be a theme.

"a great quantity or store of money, valuable possessions, property, or other riches: the wealth of a city. 2. an abundance or profusion of anything; plentiful amount: a wealth of imagery. 3. Economics . a. all things that have a monetary or exchange value. b. anything that has utility and is capable of being appropriated or exchanged. 4. rich or valuable contents or produce: the wealth of the soil. 5. the state of being rich; prosperity; affluence: persons of wealth and standing." These are some good definitions of "Wealth". There are 5 good definitions.

"The modern understanding of Wealth is the abundance of valuable resources or material possessions. This excludes the core meaning as held in the originating old English word weal, which is from an Indo-European word stem.[1] In this larger understanding of wealth, an individual, community, region or country that possesses an abundance of such possessions or resources to the benefit of the common good is known as wealthy." This talks about wealth in the country. This is also about resources that benefit common goods.

This page summarizes Chapter 3 (Future of the Medicine). "Kaku discusses robotic body parts, modular robots, unemployment caused by robots, surrogates and avatars (like their respective movies), and reverse engineering the brain. Kaku goes over the three laws of robotics and their contradictions. He endorses a "chip in robot brains to automatically shut them off if they have murderous thoughts", and believes that the most likely scenario is "friendly AI", in which robots are free to wreak havoc and destruction, but are designed to desire benevolence.[1]"

"Nanotechnology: Everything from Nothing?"

"Unlike conventional chemical rockets which use Newton's third law of motion, solar sails take advantage of radiation pressure from stars. Kaku believes that after sending a gigantic solar sail into orbit, one could install lasers on the moon, which would hit the sail and give it extra momentum. Another alternative is to send thousands of nanoships, of which only a few would reach their destination. "Once arriving on a nearby moon, they could create a factory to make unlimited copies of themselves," says Kaku. Nanoships would require very little fuel to accelerate. They could visit the stellar neighborhood by floating on the magnetic fields of other planets."

"In this future, computers have become so small and pervasive that they are in practically everything." This source is useful because it goes with the prediction that we could have computing devices in everything. I will use this site to learn more about touch screen technology being integrated into all parts of our everyday lives. This source is reliable because it is similar to other predictions about future technology of the computer.

"As amazing as the last half-century has been, experts tell us that computer technology is still only in its awkward adolescence." This site is useful because it explains what future computing devices can possibly do and explains what they will be like. This site is reliable because it relates to many other predictions about future computers and has opinions from experts.

"What will computers look like in 30 years? Trick question. You won't see them at all." This source is insightful because it predicts the possibility of micro-sized computer chips being in one's body. I will use this site to help me with my themes of the future computer. This site is reliable because it correlates with many other predictions that have been made.

"However, it is fast becoming time to reckon with what the future holds for our computers - and technology in general." This site is useful to me because it leaves open any possibility about computers of the future. It talks about how computer technology can only improve. I will use this website to help improve my predictions. This website is reliable because it goes along with a lot of predictions about future computing devices.

"Michio Kaku on Artificial Intelligence" This site is reliable because it is and interview with Michio Kaku. This site is very useful because it states some of Michio's ideas about AI and Computers of the future.

"Helping the blind get around could involve less help from canines and more help from computers in the future"This site is useful because it explains a lot about the future of blind people "seeing", and about how the computer can help with that. This site is relaible because I looked it up on easybib.