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Catherine Delisle

Non-religious arguments against Euthanasia - 3 views

    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This very credible web page is rich in arguments and has many clear and simple points that are very direct. There are a few points that I thought were more important than others. The first point was that assisting suicide was goes against law and public morality, which means that it is against social values. Also, they mentioned that if someone really wants to die, it may be "due to depression or misapprehension of their prognosis". Euthanasia is also irreversible. Some people can act on things while going through a tough time in their lives. Not only that, but euthenasia would create social pressures on vulnerable people. Euthenasia would also ruin relationships between elders and their children. Often, elders are seen as a burden, and with the option of euthanasia, they will feel pressured not to be a burden anymore. Lastly, the relationship between the doctor and the patient would be ruined. Patients would be afraid that they would be euthanised against their will, which is a real situation in Holland.
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    This website is straight to the point, and I like that it gives the reasons in point form, making the reading easy to understand. Many reasons given in the website are justifiable. The first reason, for example, which was that legalizing killing undermines public morality, is a very strong point.
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    I think that this site is extremely easy to understand and makes some really good strong points against euthanasia that are not easily argued. it shows points from different aspects like health reasons, moral reasons, governmental reasons etc... all of these form a nice barrier that covers all of the possible argument that the other team will make.
Daryl Bambic

Philosophy News | 5 Reasons Why I Love Philosophy - 0 views

  • Privacy
  • Philosophy teaches us to think about, contemplate, and clearly express the fundamental concepts of life. It explicitly identifies ideas that we have been thinking and living all along.
  • Philosophy begins in wonder and wonder bears fruit when it results in philosophical analysis
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • life is not simple and philosophy helps both unpack the complexity and provide a way through it. Just reading about the problem of universals and seeing the different philosophical views about it throughout history has given me a greater appreciation for what it means to exist
  • do not get too comfortable with simple answers.
  • To the theist, God is ultimate reality and His nature and commands ought to be a fundamental consideration in how she makes decisions
  • Civil and criminal law rely heavily upon what someone knows and how this affected their actions
  • (logic) is essential to interacting with our own and other’s ideas. Reasoning properly is an example of logic in action
  • Morality is a daily concern in lif
  • s highly pragmatic when applied properly.
  • The reasoning and analytical abilities acquired from analyzing complex ideas and arguments are essential in a number of other of fields.
  • strong verbal and writing skills
  • is not an intellectual magic wand
  • carefully
  • humility and tentativeness,
  • seeks truth,
  • r self-deception
  •  
    "Privacy"
Daryl Bambic

Russell, Bertrand: Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] - 0 views

  • Russell’s view is that the good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge
  • neither love without knowledge
  • knowledge without love
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • but love is in a sense more fundamental, since it will lead intelligent people to seek knowledge in order to find out how to benefit those whom they love.
  • “scientific knowledge and knowledge of particular facts.”
  • All moral rules must be tested by examining whether they tend to realize ends that we desire.”(374)
  • In his youth, Russell took the utilitarian view that the “happiness of mankind should be the aim of all actions”
  • dignity of which human existence is capable is not attainable by “devotion to the mechanism of life”, and that unless the contemplation of “eternal things” is preserved, humankind will become “no better than well-fed pigs.”
  • He believed that (1) “good” is the most fundamental ethical concept and (2) that “good” is indefinable
  • a priori certain propositions about the kind of things that are good on their own account.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      A priori meaning without empirical evidence, from reason and logic.
  • Russell, on the other hand, gives no such list of things which are good in themselves,
  • regard consequences or results as of vital importance for judging an action as right or wrong. In other words both are teleologists or consequentialists, like the utilitarians.
  • mpact of the First World War, which Russell passionately opposed
  • of human passions similar to that of psychoanalysts. Russell started believing that fundamental facts “in all ethical questions are feelings”, (Russell 1917, 19) and that impulse has more effect in moulding human lives than conscious purpose.
  • d we ought to act so as to maximize the balance of happiness over unhappiness in the world, and says: “I should not myself regard happiness as an adequate definition of the good, but I should agree that conduct ought to be judged by its consequences.”
  • According to him, once “good” is defined, the rest of ethics follows:
  • According to Russell, when we assert that this or that has value, we are giving expression to our emotions, not to a fact which would still be true if our personal feelings were different.
  • he first of these sentences, which may be true or false, does not, says Russell, belong to ethics but to psychology or biography
  • he second sentence which does belong to ethics, expresses a desire for something, but asserts nothing; and since it asserts nothing it is logically impossible that there should be evidence for or against it, or for it to possess either truth or falsehood.
  • Russell adopts as his guiding principle David Hume’s maxim that “Reason is, and ought, only to be the slave of the passions.
  • esires, emotions or passions
  • nly possible causes of action. Reason is not a cause of action but only a regulator.
  • The world that I should wish to see,” says Russell, ‘is one where emotions are strong but not destructive, and where, because they are acknowledged, they lead to no deception either of oneself or of others. Such a world would include love and friendship and the pursuit of art and knowledge.” (11)
  • esires are not “irrational” just because we cannot give any reason for them.
  • wondering once again whether there is such a thing as ethical knowledge.
  • since it must involve appeal to the majority,
Daryl Bambic

Aristotle and the Good Life - 0 views

  • But it doesn’t follow that since his ideas on some things were silly, his ideas on all things were silly
  • reason a central place in human life
  • Money is clearly only a means to an end, therefore it can’t be the main good
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • But what really determines the quality of our lives is not our circumstances themselves but what we make of them
  • Success (or honour) can’t be the main good either, since (a) it’s too dependent on other people and the whims of fortune,
  • Pleasure is certainly not the main good,
  • lives that are fit only for cattle
  • He recognises three types of relationships: the useful, the pleasant and the ones based on mutual admiration.
  • main good for a human being is reason, since it is the characteristic human capacity, the one we don’t share with other animals.
  • theoretical (concerning the contemplation of unchangeable truths)
  • ractical
  • intellectual virtues
  • virtues of character
  • Excess and deficiency
  • unction argument
  • erything in the universe had a purpose
  • essential nature of a thing or creature: just like the purpose of an acorn was to develop into an oak tree, that of human beings was to develop their unique human capacities, the most important of which was the ability to reason
  • in true Aristotelian spirit, is a mean between ‘anything goes’ and a totally prescriptiv
Daryl Bambic

Purdue OWL - 0 views

  • A thesis is not an announcement of the subject:
  • A thesis is not a title
  • thesis is not a statement of absolute fact:
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • our main idea/claim/refutation/problem-solution expressed in a single sentence or a combination of sentences.
  • Try to be as specific as possible (without providing too much detail)
  • Induction is the type of reasoning that moves from specific facts to a general conclusion. When you use induction in your paper, you will state your thesis (which is actually the conclusion you have come to after looking at all the facts) and then support your thesis with the facts.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Replace 'facts' with reasoning and logic for a philosophy paper.  
  • general premises and move to a specific conclusion
  • syllogistic reasoning (the syllogism)
  • Major premise Minor premise Conclusion
  • relationship of the two premises lead, logically, to the conclusion.
  • If you disagree with either of these premises, the conclusion is invalid.
  • So the unstated premise is “Only rich people have plasma TVs.
  • may also call for action
  • The preacher's maxim is one of the most effective formulas to follow for argument papers: Tell what you're going to tell them (introduction). Tell them (body). Tell them what you told them (conclusion).
Daryl Bambic

Udemy - Online Courses from the World's Experts - 0 views

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    5 reasons for studying philosophy
steven bloom

Why Animal Rights? | PETA.org - 1 views

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    This website talks about why animals should have rights. The main idea is by the philosopher Jeremy Bentam who founded teh untilinariam school. He says when making a being right we do not consider if they can reason or talk we consider if they can sufffer. For animals the answer if yes thus we should have animal rights
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    Please highlight relevant parts of the site.
mira ahmad

CBC News In Depth: Robert Latimer - 1 views

shared by mira ahmad on 20 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Tracy was in constant, excruciating pain yet, for reasons not entirely clear, could not be treated with a painkiller stronger than Tylenol.
  • Noble also described Latimer's relationship with Tracy as "that of a loving and protective parent" who wanted to end his daughter's suffering.
  • Tracy Latimer's murder a "rare act of homicide that was committed for caring and altruistic reasons.
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    Robert Latimer committed euthanasia to his daughter Tracy. She was a 12 year old who functioned at the level of a 3 month year old. She was in constant excruciating pain, could not talk, move or feed herself. Robert ended up getting charged with 1st degree murder, and after main court cases got sentenced to 14 years in prison.
mariakanarakis

An Introduction to the Orthodox Christian Understanding of Free Will - 0 views

  • Some have said that man is a machine, who must follow the laws ofhis nature; therefore, he is  neither free to choose between good and evil (whatever they are) nor even between things. Even if he could overcome the laws of nature, he would, as some ancient Greeks said, be subject to "fate" (moira, eir mene) whose decisions must be fulfilled. Thus, choice is a delusion.
  • "predestination," that is, before the creation of the world, God decided who would live with Him forever, and those who would dwell in penal fire for eternity
    • mariakanarakis
       
      Predestination= fate, destiny When they say God decided who would live, they mean go to heaven, and those who would dwell in penal Fire are the ones who go to hell
  • predestination
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • Materialists have postulated that man is a soulless machine and subject to the laws of nature.  Freedom is an illusion. We eat what we eat, think what we think, live as we live, according to the iron laws of the universe.
    • mariakanarakis
       
      By laws of nature they mean: not choosing between good and evil
  • The 18th century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, said that not only must we believe that man is free, but also he has an immortal soul, and that God exists. The idea of freedom cannot exist without the idea of God and immortality. Without such beliefs, the happy life and civilization are impossible.
    • mariakanarakis
       
      This is the opposite side of the materialist's one.
  • In the words of Nicholas Berdayaev, "Man is an enigmatic  being because he is not the product of natural processes, but is the child of freedom which  springs from the abyss of non-being. "
  • Man possesses a divine element within him and, therefore, he is free, with the power to create beauty, to do good, to love justice. Certainly, man's body is controlled by the strictures of time and space, but his spirit is free to transcend all the laws of his finite nature. His spirit takes him where his body cannot go.
  • What does the Orthodox Church teach about free will? None of the above. She has never been concerned about the so-called discoveries of human reason. Rather she trusts the sacred Scriptures and her holy Fathers.
  • We are limited -- - not  paralyzed --- by our nature, the force of circumstance, the laws of Nature.
  • free will does not mean the ability to do whatever we want.
  • we are restricted by the passions. The passions limit the scope of our choices.
  • Freedom involves deliberation. Ignorance is an excuse only for them who have no ability or opportunity to learn
  • Augustine of Hippo taught that
  • there are matters entirely beyond our control, such as those things which God has  reserved for Himself only God has autarkeia or is self-sufficient, absolutely independent; only God is autexousios or complete "self-authority", "self-power", without any authority over Him.
  • How does the Church define "free will"?
  • two meanings
  • It is the  ability to choose between good and evil and between one thing and another. In every choice  there is the risk of sin, unless we call upon the Grace of God to aid« us.
  • our choices always involve  the power to choose between good and evil.
  • our liberty is restricted by ignorance.
  • impossible for us to choose between good and evil and, therefore, to take any part in our salvation
  • "original sin"
  • The liberty of Christians differs from the liberty of the unbeliever, he who is outside the influence of God's saving Grace.
  • choice depends upon knowledge; and upon the knowledge of God's Revelation, which presents the greatest number of choices.
  • with the knowledge of God comes the knowledge of the good and, by implication, the knowledge of evil; and, consequently, the possibility to choose between them. Without that knowledge and the choices that result from them, we are left with no explanation for human existence except fate or predestination, some unknown destiny. Understanding  ourselves this way, is to deprive human choice and action of all meaning Worse, if there were a  God, we would need to blame him for all evil. Not even the devil, if one existed! , could be held  responsible for his conduct.
    • mariakanarakis
       
      FINAL conclusion
  •  
    An Introduction to the Orthodox Christian understanding of free will
Daryl Bambic

Ion, by Plato - 0 views

  • In the course of conversation the admission is elicited from Ion that his skill is restricted to Homer, and that he knows nothing of inferior poets, such as Hesiod and Archilochus;—he brightens up and is wide awake when Homer is being recited, but is apt to go to sleep at the recitations of any other poet.
  • he who knows the superior ought to know the inferior also;—he who can judge of the good speaker is able to judge of the bad.
  • and he who judges of poetry by rules of art ought to be able to judge of all poetry.'
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • The rhapsode is not guided by rules of art,
  • s inspired by the God
  • The poet is the inspired interpreter of the God
  • some poets, like Homer, are restricted to a single theme
  • Tynnichus, are famous for a single poem;
  • rhapsode is the inspired interpreter of the poet, and for a similar reason some rhapsodes, like Ion, are the interpreters of single poets.
  • Socrates asks whether he can speak well about everything in Homer
  • 'What about things of which he has no knowledge?
  • n answers that he can interpret anything in Homer.
  • Socrates
  • omer speaks of the arts, as for example, of chariot-driving
  • will he, or will the charioteer or physician or prophet or pilot be the better judge?
  • on is compelled to admit that every man will judge of his own particular art better than the rhapsode
  • , who has no suspicion of the irony of Socrates,
  • jest and earnest,
  • elements of a true theory of poetry are contained in the notion that the poet is inspired
  • Genius i
  • unconscious, or spontaneous, or a gift of nature:
  • They are sacred persons, 'winged and holy things' who have a touch of madness in their composition (Phaedr.),
  • reated with every sort of respect
  • The rhapsode belongs to the realm of imitation and of opinion: he professes to have all knowledge, which is derived by him from Homer, just as the sophist professes to have all wisdom, which is contained in his art of rhetoric.
  • he cannot explain the nature of his own art; his great memory contrasts with his inability to follow the steps of the argument
  • old quarrel between philosophy and poetry
Daryl Bambic

The Internet Classics Archive | Gorgias by Plato - 0 views

  • prolixity of speech
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Prolixity: taking too many words to say something, too much blah blah blah
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Definition:  using too many words to say something when it could have been said simpler and clearer.
  • Then, when the rhetorician is more persuasive than the physician, the ignorant is more persuasive with the ignorant than he who has knowledge?-is not that the inference?
  • gain the ears of the multitude on any subject, and this not by instruction but by persuasion?
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • does he really know anything of what is good and evil, base or honourable, just or unjust
  • he rhetorician need not know the truth about things
  • You say that you can make any man, who will learn of you, a rhetorician
  • rhetorician must either know the nature of the just and unjust already, or he must be taught by you.
  • that is not to be laid to the charge of his teacher, who is not to be banished, but the wrong-doer himself who made a bad use of his rhetoric-he is to be banished-was not that said?
  • that the rhetorician might make a bad use of rhetoric I noted with surprise the inconsistency into which you had fallen;
  • this habit I sum up under the word "flattery"
  • Soc. Will you understand my answer? Rhetoric, according to my view, is the ghost or counterfeit of a part of politics
  • assume the existence of bodies and of souls?
  • good condition o
  • only in appearance?
  • The soul and body being two,
  • art of politics attending on the soul; and another art attending on the body,
  • hat there are these four arts, two attending on the body and two on the soul for their highest good;
  • flattery knowing, or rather guessing their natures, has distributed herself into four shams or simulations of them; she puts on the likeness of some one or other of them, and pretends to be that which she simulates, and having no regard for men's highest interests, is ever making pleasure the bait of the unwary, and deceiving them into the belief that she is of the highest value to them.
  • the physician would be starved to death.
  • s the natural difference between the rhetorician and the sophist, but by reason of their near connection, they are apt to be jumbled up together; neither do they know what to make of themselves, nor do other men know what to make of them
Ali Goldman

Torture and Madness at Guantánamo Bay - 0 views

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    Salim Ahmed Hamdan, a Guantanamo Bay prisoner, is incapable of defending himself at his own trial. The reason for this is because he has become insane due to the conditions that he has been living in for six years. He has been living in solitary confinement in a tiny cell for over 22 hours a day. He eats all his meals in the cell and even uses it as a washroom. He has become suicidal, he talks to himself, he hears voices, and he has flashbacks. His laywers have asked for the trial to be postponed and that his living conditions change. The way he is living is psychological torture.
dunya darwiche

Debate.org | Interrogators should have the legal right to torture terrorists. - 0 views

  • An interrogation is deliberately causing someone pain or anguish in order to extract information out of them.
  • Mind control drugs, sleep deprivation, good cop-bad cop techniques, and verbal intimidation are a few interrogation techniques that are currently legal.
  • Sometimes you have to do wrong thing for the right reason.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • chinese water method
  • Wouldn't the government have a moral duty to do whatever is necessary to get the information out of the suspect? Using violence to protect innocent people isn't morally wrong. It's self defense.
  • Water boarding
  • The Rack
  • Chinese Water Torture
  • "Truly Torture
  • New York Times Article entitled
Kelsey Adams

Why torture is always wrong. - 0 views

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    This site is more of a blog post explaining various reasons as to why torture continues to look like a process that really does nothing for our societies. The blogger, "Thurstjm," even brings torture back to the topic of terrorism which is a constant discussion world wide.
steven bloom

Using Animals for Testing: Pro's Versus Con's - About Animal Testing (UK) - 1 views

  • ssible by
  • It is for this reason that animal testing is considered vital for improving human health and it is also why the scientific community a
  • nd many members of the public support its use. In fact, there are also individuals who are against animal testing
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • for cosmetics but still support animal testing for medicine and the development of new drugs for disease.
  • Another important aspect to note is that animal testing helps to ensure the safety of drugs and many other substances humans use or are exposed to regularly. Drugs in particular can carry significant dangers with their use but animal testing allows researchers to initially gauge the safety of drugs prior to commencing trials on humans. This means that human harm is reduced and human lives are saved - not simply from avoidance of the dangers of drugs but because the drugs themselves save lives as well as improve the quality of human life.
  • osest match and
  • best one with regards to applying this data to humans.
  •  
    Please add your sticky note summary.
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    Thia website states the cons of animal testing. It says that when animals are finished being tested on they are usually killed. It also states that the cost of animal testing is through the roof and we can spend it on anything else. Lastly soem scientist still believe that it is unreliable to test animals and to think that the drug will work on humans.
Kelsey Adams

The Animal Rights View - 2 views

  • The capacity for suffering is a prerequisite for having interests at all, a condition that must be met before we can speak of rights.
  • In both the historic and modern views of animal rights, the key point is "sentience," or the capacity to experience pain or pleasur
  • In the animal rights view, if a being is capable of suffering, there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • They don't have to speak a word. Screaming, writhing about, crying and other behavior tells us they are in pain. We see the same sort of behavior in animals.
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    This website gives us the utilitarian point of view on how animal cruelty and their use as resource is continuously horrid. Jeremy Bentham said that as long as a being is capable of suffering, then there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration. He said that the question is not can animals reason but do animals suffer?
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    Highlight an important part(s) of the website for your team to read.
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    What affects us the most in our society: Suffering of a infant or the suffering of an animal? Obviously, we would rather an animal suffer opposed to an infant. If someone has to suffer, it should be animals because it the extreme is outrageous.
sara tsapekis

Murder case-Reena Virk - 1 views

shared by sara tsapekis on 06 Dec 10 - No Cached
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    This site is about the murder of Reena Virk and the reason she was murdered. I chose a murder case to show the difference between the intentions of a murder and the intentions of a euthanasia case. I also chose it to emphasize why euthanasia should not be considered as murder. In this case, the girl was murdered because she was brown in a predominantly white society and because she was overweight. In other words, she didn't fit in. Therefore, the intentions were to harm and kill the individual.
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    From what I've read on this site, it's a good way to prove that euthanasia is not murder - and it can definetely help in making your point clear. However, you might want to make sure you don't accidentally start talking about racism and sexism. Other than that, it's a good argument in the making.
Gabe Miller

Philosophy, et cetera: Why Taxation Is Not Theft - 2 views

    • Gabe Miller
       
      this page is useful because it gives good reasons why taxation is not theft but it is useful for our society to flourish. people agree to pay tax when they sign a contract for a job. no one forces you to pay taxes, because you signed a contract saying that you already would.
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    There are three excellent arguments against the resolution that taxation is theft. It is hard to read so make sure your team can see at least two of the three arguments on this page.
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    This was SOo hard to understand! But after reviewing it half a dozen times I found some really strong points and it'll really help me refute Thanks Gabe! :D
Catherine Delisle

Arguments Against Euthanasia - 2 views

    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This web site is very informative for my team and I because it explains many credible arguments against euthanasia. First of all, it explains in detail the terms "terminally ill", which is often used as a reason to help someone commit suicide. Secondly, they talk about euthanasia being a way for the government to save money. Physicians have been allowed cash bonuses if they do not provide care for patients in the United States. This means that doctors could influence patients to go through with the 'treatment' only because they get more money from it. Third point is that at one point, if we legalize euthanasia, they would be mesmerized by the idea of death and will be influenced by the outside world. The fourth and last point is that euthanasia is a rejection of the importance and value of human life. With euthanasia, no one's life is being saved. We are just taking people's lives away.
sara tsapekis

Suicide vs. Euthanasia - 3 views

shared by sara tsapekis on 08 Dec 10 - No Cached
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    This site states the differences as well as the similarities between suicide and euthanasia. I think it's a good site because it breaks down euthanasia into all the possible categories (voluntary euthanasia, in-voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia) and goes into detail about each one. They are interrelated because in a euthanasia case, the patient could be depressed and that would be the reason for wanting euthanasia to be performed. Suicide becomes a choice for those who are depressed as well.
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    this site is very useful for both sides of the argument about whether euthanasia is right or wrong. This site allows us to see and understand the difference between different kinds of euthanasia, because they are not all the same. It talks about depression and how suicide is a choice for them, but it should stay a personal choice. Euthanasia is sometimes not even chosen by the person for whom it is brought up. Very good site, it really helps see what euthanasia and suicide are all about.
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