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The Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases program supports research on the ecological, evolutionary, and socio-ecological principles and processes that influence the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. The central theme of submitted projects must be quantitative or computational understanding of pathogen transmission dynamics. The intent is discovery of principles of infectious disease transmission and testing mathematical or computational models that elucidate infectious disease systems. Projects should be broad, interdisciplinary efforts that go beyond the scope of typical studies. They should focus on the determinants and interactions of transmission among humans, non-human animals, and/or plants. This includes, for example, the spread of pathogens; the influence of environmental factors such as climate; the population dynamics and genetics of reservoir species or hosts; the cultural, social, behavioral, and economic dimensions of disease transmission. Research may be on zoonotic, environmentally-borne, vector-borne, or enteric diseases of either terrestrial or freshwater systems and organisms, including diseases of animals and plants, at any scale from specific pathogens to inclusive environmental systems. Proposals for research on disease systems of public health concern to developing countries are strongly encouraged, as are disease systems of concern in agricultural systems. Investigators are encouraged to develop the appropriate multidisciplinary team, including for example, modelers, bioinformaticians, genomics researchers, social scientists, economists, epidemiologists, entomologists, parasitologists, microbiologists, bacteriologists, virologists, pathologists or veterinarians, with the goal of integrating knowledge across disciplines to enhance our ability to predict and control infectious diseases.

The purpose of this announcement is to support research to rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of primary prevention strategies for the perpetration of sexual violence. The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control's research priorities for sexual violence prevention include evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of programs, strategies, and policies across all levels of the social ecology to prevent and interrupt the development of sexual violence perpetration. In addition, the Center's research priorities highlight the need to identify effective programs, strategies, and policies that might prevent multiple types of violence concurrently, including sexual violence, intimate partner violence, and other forms of violence, and evaluating the economic efficiency of such programs, strategies and policies. Research funded under this announcement will address these priorities by rigorously evaluating programs, strategies, or policies for their impact on rates of sexual violence perpetration in one of two areas: (a) strategies that engage boys and men, or (b) structural, environmental, and/or policy interventions. Although the primary focus of research conducted with these funds should be on reducing sexual violence perpetration, the inclusion of other violence-related outcomes (e.g., dating/intimate partner violence) is also encouraged.