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This FOA encourages circumscribed projects to generate fundamental knowledge of affective processes with key consequences for single (e.g., cancer screening) and multiple (e.g., adherence to oral chemotherapy regimen) event decisions and behaviors across the cancer control continuum. The FOA solicits applications that involve collaboration among cancer control researchers and those from scientific disciplines not traditionally connected to cancer control applications (e.g., affective and cognitive neuroscience, decision science, consumer science) to elucidate perplexing and understudied problems in affective and decision sciences with downstream implications for cancer prevention and control.

Currently, the drugs are designed in such a way that the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is immediately released in the stomach and absorbed in the bloodstream, rapidly relieving the patient from his/her pain (left-hand side). In case multiple doses are taken all at once, a (potentially toxic) supratherapeutic amount of API immediately gets into the user's bloodstream (center). This amount is illicitly used to induce euphoria and could be potentially toxic. Grünenthal's intention is to design a drug formulation that guarantees the API's release profile in case of proper therapeutical usage. However, in case multiple drug units are taken, the release of API, that is available for absorption (right-hand side), will be limited or, at least, decreased to avoid overdosing.

Recently, a variety of biopharmaceuticals have come to be used in clinical practice. Macromoleculardrugs, however, are extremely difficult to absorb from the gastrointestinal tract; also, they are mainly administered through injection, which is associated with pain upon administration and would pose a great burden on patients. From the viewpoint of stability of medicinal products, many medicines should be refrigerated, resulting in reduced work or production efficiency in clinical or manufacturing practice, respectively.