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This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is associated with the Beau Biden Cancer MoonshotSM Initiative that is intended to accelerate cancer research. The purpose of this FOA is to promote research that results in a comprehensive view of the dynamic, multidimensional tumor ecosystem. Specifically, this FOA targets the following area designated as a scientific priority by the Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP): Generation of Human Tumor Atlases. For the purposes of this FOA, a human pre-cancer atlas is defined as a multidimensional cellular, morphological and molecular mapping of human pre-malignant tumors, complemented with critical spatial information (at cellular and/or molecular level) that facilitate visualization of the structure, composition, and multiscale interactions within the tumor ecosystem over time resulting in progression or regression of the tumors.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) intends to assemble a group of Comprehensive Centers that will adopt scalable technology platforms and streamlined workflows to generate a comprehensive 3D brain cell reference atlas encompassing molecular, anatomical, and physiological annotations of brain cell types in mouse, and incorporate additional genetic and other advanced cell-specific targeting approaches and tools to facilitate this goal. A central goal of this and the three companion FOAs is to build a brain cell census resource that can be widely used throughout the research community.

This funding opportunity announcement, in support of the NIH Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative aims to pilot classification strategies to generate a systematic inventory/cell census of cell types in the brain. Pilot projects are sought that would 1) provide cell census data in the whole brain, a brain region, or a significant functional circuit in the vertebrate nervous system; 2) integrate molecular identity of cell types with connectivity, morphology, and location; 3) apply statistical methods for creating a taxonomy of cell types based on molecular identity and connectivity; 4) provide realistic estimates on the number/percentage of defined cell types in specific region(s) and/or circuit(s); and 5) provide a basis to map cell types based on molecular identity and connectivity onto a reference brain atlas. These pilot projects and methodologies should be designed to demonstrate their utility and scalability to ultimately complete a comprehensive cell census of the human brain in the future.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) intends to support pilot studies aimed to establish molecular, anatomical, and functional cell and circuit census data from selected brain regions of young and old C57BL/6J mice. This will complement and build on current BRAIN Initiative efforts while informing a design for a comprehensive characterization of cells and circuits in the brain across the lifespan, including the generation of a comprehensive 3D brain cell reference atlas of the aging mouse brain.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) intends to accelerate the use of scalable technologies and tools to enhance brain cell census research, including the development of technology platforms and/or resources and the generation of spatiotemporal cell census data and/or resources. Applications are expected to address limitations and gaps of existing technologies/tools as a benchmark against which the improvements or competitive advantages of the proposed ones will be measured. The improvements include throughput, sensitivity, selectivity, scalability, spatiotemporal resolution and reproducibility in cell atlas analyses. The projects funded under this FOA will align with the overarching goals of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) and are expected to enable the generation of a large amount of cell census data using the proposed technologies or via collaboration with the BICCN.