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Rudy Garns

Why Don't Babies Talk like Adults? - 0 views

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    This finding-that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage-suggests that babies speak in baby talk not because they have baby brains, but because they only just got started learning and need time to accrue sufficient vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage, and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process. (Scientific American)
Rudy Garns

Neuroscience: Small, furry … and smart - 0 views

  • Much of the work involves making an adult brain behave more like a younger, more flexible version of itself by increasing the organ's plasticity.
  • neuroscientists using genetic engineering to generate cognitively enhanced animals in a bid to understand memory and learning.
  • Tsien created Doogie by overexpressing a subunit of the NMDA receptor called NR2B. This kept the receptors open for longer, strengthening the synaptic link and making it easier for disparate events to be linked together.
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    Tsien, based at Princeton University in New Jersey at the time, named his creation Doogie after the teenage genius in the television programme Doogie Howser, MD. The work was one of the earliest examples of neuroscientists using genetic engineering to generate cognitively enhanced animals in a bid to understand memory and learning.
Rudy Garns

MaddoxLab - Cognitive Neuroscience of Categorization and Decision Making - UT at Austin - 0 views

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    A major focus of our research is to examine the neurobiological underpinnings of category learning and attentional processes. We achieve this goal through a blending of empirical data collection, cognitive neuroscience, and mathematical modeling.
Seth Greenblatt

Imagination Engines Inc. - 0 views

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    A radically new form of neural network based artificial intelligence has been conceived that in contrast to preceding forms of AI, builds itself and then enters into an intellectual bootstrapping process wherein it learns from its own mistakes and successes to create useful ideas and strategies. Not only is this technology capable of autonomously inventing and discovering new products, services, and procedures, as it has for numerous international corporations and government agencies, it has also devised several revolutionary neural network paradigms. For these reasons and more, AI visionaries and futurists, such as Dennis Bushnell, NASA Langley's chief scientist and visionary, have called this technology, known as the "Creativity Machine," AI's best bet at creating human to trans-human level intelligence in machines. This technology, based upon an extremely profound scientific discovery, is produced and delivered exclusively by Imagination Engines, Incorporated as either customer tailored or mass produced products.
Rudy Garns

Scientist Finds the Beginnings of Morality in Primate Behavior - New York Times - 0 views

  • Marc Hauser, an evolutionary biologist at Harvard, proposed in his book “Moral Minds” that the brain has a genetically shaped mechanism for acquiring moral rules, a universal moral grammar similar to the neural machinery for learning language.
  • Frans de Waal defends against philosopher critics his view that the roots of morality can be seen in the social behavior of monkeys and apes.
  • human morality would be impossible without certain emotional building blocks that are clearly at work in chimp and monkey societies
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  • other chimpanzees would console the loser.
  • Social living requires empathy
  • reconciliation
  • human morality may be severely limited by having evolved as a way of banding together against adversaries, with moral restraints being observed only toward the in group, not toward outsiders.
  • eciprocity and fairness
  • Chimps are more likely to share food with those who have groomed them.
  • These four kinds of behavior — empathy, the ability to learn and follow social rules, reciprocity and peacemaking — are the basis of sociality.
  • People enforce their society’s moral codes much more rigorously with rewards, punishments and reputation building. They also apply a degree of judgment and reason, for which there are no parallels in animals.
  • Capuchin monkeys show their displeasure if given a smaller reward than a partner receives for performing the same task
  • reason is generally brought to bear only after a moral decision has been reached
  • Morality, he writes, is “a sense of right and wrong that is born out of groupwide systems of conflict management based on shared values.” The building blocks of morality are not nice or good behaviors but rather mental and social capacities for constructing societies “in which shared values constrain individual behavior through a system of approval and disapproval.”
  • Some animals are surprisingly sensitive to the plight of others.
Rudy Garns

Anterior cingulate cortex - Wikipedia - 0 views

  • the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is primarily related to rational cognition while the ventral is more related to emotional cognition.
  • early learning and problem solving
  • processing top-down and bottom-up stimuli and assigning appropriate control to other areas in the brain.
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  • ACC response in Stroop task experiments (designed to measure adherence to sequential decision-making paths) remains relatively elevated in typical human subjects, as the alternative - spontaneity - is sacrificed.
  • A typical task that activates the ACC involves eliciting some form of conflict within the participant that can potentially result in an error.
  • inability to detect errors, severe difficulty with resolving stimulus conflict in a Stroop task, emotional instability, inattention, and akinetic mutism
  • difficulty in dealing with conflicting spatial locations in a Stroop-like task and having abnormal ERNs
  • appears to play a role in a wide variety of autonomic functions, such as regulating blood pressure and heart rate, as well as rational cognitive functions, such as reward anticipation, decision-making, empathy and emotion.
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