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Tero Toivanen

Selective aphasia in a brain damaged bilingual patient : Neurophilosophy - 0 views

scienceblogs.com/...damageed_bilungual_patient.php

brain bilingual Arabic Hebrew CT scan frontal lobe parietal lobe crationomy hemorrhage

shared by Tero Toivanen on 11 Jul 09 - Cached
  • A unique case study published in the open access journal Behavioral and Brain Functions sheds some light on this matter. The study, by Raphiq Ibrahim, a neurologist at the University of Haifa, describes a bilingual Arabic-Hebrew speaker who incurred brain damage following a viral infection. Consequently, the patient experienced severe deficits in Hebrew but not in Arabic. The findings support the view that specific components of a first and second language are represented by different substrates in the brain.
  • A native Arabic speaker, he learned Hebrew at an early age (4th grade) and later used it competently both professionally and academically.
  • A CT scan showed that he had suffered a massive hemorrhage in the left temporal lobe, which was compressing the tissue on both sides of the central sulcus, the prominent gfissure which separates the frontal and parietal lobes.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • A craniotomy was performed to relieve the pressure, and afterwards another scan showed moderate hemorrhage and herpes encephalitis in the left temporal lobe, and another hemorrhage beneath the outer membrane (the dura) lying over the right frontal lobe.
  • During his 2 month stay there, he developed epileptic seizures which originated in the left temporal lobe, and amnestic aphasia (an inability to name objects or to recognize their written or spoken names). 
  • After the rehabilitation period, a series of linguistic tests was administered to determine the extent of his speech deficits. M.H. exhibited deficits in both languages, but the most severe deficits were seen only in Hebrew. In this language he had a severe difficulty in recalling words and names, so that his speech was non-fluent and interrupted by frequent pauses. He had difficulty understanding others' spoken Hebrew, and also had great difficulty reading and writing Hebrew. In Arabic, his native language, all of these abilities were affected only mildy.
  • The results support a neurolinguistic model in which the brain of bilinguals contains a semantic system (which represents word meanings) which is common to both languages and which is connected to independent lexical systems (which encode the vocabulary of each language). The findings further suggest that the second language (in this case, Hebrew) is represented by an independent subsystem which does not represent the first language (Arabic) and is more succeptible to brain damage.
  • Tero Toivanen on 11 Jul 09
     
    A unique case study published in the open access journal Behavioral and Brain Functions sheds some light on this matter. The study, by Raphiq Ibrahim, a neurologist at the University of Haifa, describes a bilingual Arabic-Hebrew speaker who incurred brain damage following a viral infection. Consequently, the patient experienced severe deficits in Hebrew but not in Arabic. The findings support the view that specific components of a first and second language are represented by different substrates in the brain.
Tero Toivanen

Neurophilosophy : Experience induces global reorganization of brain circuitry - 0 views

scienceblogs.com/...ization_of_brain_circuitry.php

neurophilosophy brain LTP learning memory

shared by Tero Toivanen on 23 May 09 - Cached
  • Now referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP), this mechanism has since become the most intensively studied in modern neuroscience,and is widely believed to be the cellular basis of learning and memory, although this is yet to be proven unequivocally.
  • In the new study, Santiago Canals of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen and his colleagues used the same protocol to induce LTP. But while the vast majority of researchers have investigated LTP in slices of hippocampal tissue, this study involved observing LTP in live animals.
  • This new research provides the first evidence that the local modifications in synaptic connections induced by LTP lead to long-lasting changes in the activity of a diffuse network of brain regions, and even to facilitated communication between the two hemispheres. The fMRI data showed that hippocampal LTP recruits higher order association areas, as well as regions involved in emotions and others subserving different sensory modalities, all of which are known to be involved in memory formation.
  • Tero Toivanen on 23 May 09
     
    Experience induces global reorganization of brain circuitry. This new research provides the first evidence that the local modifications in synaptic connections induced by LTP lead to long-lasting changes in the activity of a diffuse network of brain regions, and even to facilitated communication between the two hemispheres.
Tero Toivanen

Neurophilosophy : Reading the contents of working memory - 0 views

scienceblogs.com/...contents_of_working_memory.php

neurophilosophy

shared by Tero Toivanen on 23 May 09 - Cached
  • Tero Toivanen on 23 May 09
     
    Oleltuksia siitä, miten työmuisti toimii aivoissa.
Tero Toivanen

Neurophilosophy : The neurological basis of intuition - 0 views

scienceblogs.com/...logical_basis_of_intuition.php

explicit memory implicit memory intuition

shared by Tero Toivanen on 23 May 09 - Cached
  • Tero Toivanen on 23 May 09
     
    According to a new study, our gut feelings can enhance the retrieval of explicitly encoded memories. Eksplisiittisen ja implisiittisen muistitiedon käsittely aivoissa.
Tero Toivanen

Color after image demonstration - Seeing color when there is none. : Of Two Minds - 0 views

scienceblogs.com/...r_after_image_demonstratio.php

optical illusion optical illusion visual system neurophilosophy

shared by Tero Toivanen on 02 Jul 09 - Cached
  • Tero Toivanen on 02 Jul 09
     
    This is how you use the human visual system to turn a black and white photo into color.
Michael Manning

All In The Mind: You are NOT a Self! Thomas Metzinger... - 0 views

blogs.abc.net.au/...t-a-self-thomas-metzinger.html

Neurophilosophy Philosophy Ego

shared by Michael Manning on 15 Oct 09 - Cached
  • Michael Manning on 15 Oct 09
     
    An interview with Thomas Metzinger one of the worlds leading Neuro-philosopher's  on ABC Radio National's All In The Mind blog for the show of the same name. Metzinger has recently released a book named "The Ego Tunnel" in which he proposes that there is in fact no Self and discusses the ethical ramifications f such a realization. Good reading and great listening!
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