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Light-emitting diode

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source.[3] LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962,[4] early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. When a light-emitting diode is forward-biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.[5] LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive lighting, advertising, general lighting, and traffic signals. LEDs have allowed new text, video displays, live video, and sensors to be developed, while their high switching rates are also useful in advanced communications technology. Infrared LEDs are also used in the remote control units of many commercial products including televisions, DVD players, and other domestic appliances.

The 620325 Stirling Engine by Thames and Kosmos uses renewable energy from the sun to drive a generator, which charges a rechargeable battery to power an electric car.

Power a Car with Solar Generated Electricity       Discover the Stirling engine, a simple, clean and efficient energy technology that is quickly becoming a viable source of electricity as the availability of fossil fuels declines. The Stirling engine in this kit uses renewable energy from the sun to drive a generator, which charges a rechargeable battery to power an electric car. Named after its inventor, Robert Stirling, the original Stirling engine dates back almost 200 years. Today, high-tech Stirling engines are being used in arrays of giant mirrored solar collectors and common applications like compact generators. NASA is even working on using Stirling engines to power a human outpost on the moon!Like a steam engine, a Stirling engine is a heat engine that converts heat energy into mechanical work, usually to drive a generator that then converts the mechanical energy into electricity. But instead of water and steam, the Stirling engine uses a permanently enclosed volume of gas, such as air or helium, to perform the mechanical work. Stirling engines are highly efficient, can operate very quietly, and can use many different sources of heat: combustion of fuels, nuclear fission, geothermal, or solar heat, as this model uses. The Stirling engine in this kit is located in acharging station with a mirrored parabolic dish. The dish focuses the sun’s rays onto the cylindrical glass bulb of the Stirling engine to heat it up. The air inside the bulb heats up and pushes a piston, which turns an electric generator. The generator produces electricity that charges a rechargeable battery in the car. The car runs on an electric motor powered by the battery.The kit includes the charging station with a beta type Stirling engine, the electric car, and a full-color, 64-page manual.

The U49325 Sun Runner Stirling Engine is a solar-powered Stirling Engine which offers a dramatic demonstration of energy conversion.   This motor and its parabolic mirror can be attached to any conventional camera tripod. When properly aimed at the sun, the polished aluminum parabolic mirror focuses incoming solar energy on the heat cap of the engine, which is converted to rotary motion. Unit comes complete with motor, parabolic mirror, and wrenches. Standard camera tripod is not supplied. This engine is completely assembled and ready to run. Each unit is test run at the factory prior to shipping. Motor runs at 2,000 RPM and up. This engine can also run as a horizontal engine with an alcohol burner. Demonstrate this exciting method of harnessing the sun’s clean and renewable energy to your students.  Weight: 6.00 lbs Dimensions: Engine: 8.25 x 3 inches (L x W) Flywheel: 3.25 inchesParabolic Mirror: 18 inch diameterPlease note that this item is designed to demonstrate the operating principles of a Stirling engine for educational use and is not designed for power production.  It can potentially be coupled with a generator for producing very small amounts of electricity but is incapable of powering anything beyond a small light bulb or LED.

LILLIPUTIAN SYSTEMS ANNOUNCES WAFER MANUFACTURING SUPPLY AGREEMENT WITH INTEL AND EQUITY STAKE BY INTEL CAPITAL

Lilliputian Systems, Inc. (www.lilliputiansystems.com), developer of the world’s first Personal Power™ solution for consumer electronics devices, today announced that it has signed a Wafer Manufacturing Supply Agreement with Intel.  Additionally, Lilliputian Systems announced that Intel Capital, Intel Corporation’s global investment arm, has taken an equity stake in Lilliputian Systems.

In connection with the agreement, Intel will manufacture and supply production wafers, which are critical in the production of all of Lilliputian Systems’ product lines, most importantly its first product – the revolutionary USB Mobile Power System.

Energy Sources

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by Philip J. Corso

Contents Forward Introduction Chapter 01 - The Roswell Desert Chapter 02 - Convoy to Fort Riley Chapter 03 - The Roswell Artifacts Chapter 04 - Inside the Pentagon at the Foreign Technology Desk Chapter 05 - The Cover-up Chapter 06 - The Strategy Chapter 07 - The EBE Chapter 08 - The Project Gets Under Way Chapter 09 - The Project Had Officially Begun Chapter 10 - The U2 Program and Project Corona - Spies in Space Chapter 11 - Project Moon Base Chapter 12 - The Integrated Circuit Chip - From the Roswell Crash Site to Silicon Valley Chapter 13 - The Laser Chapter 14 - The Antimissile Missile Project Chapter 15 - My Last Year in R&D - The Hoover Files, Fiber Optics, Supertenacity, and Other Artifacts Chapter 16 - 'Tesla’s Death Ray' and the Accelerated Particle Beam Weapon Chapter 17 - Star Wars Afterword

The unit is light weight (2.5 lb), portable, low cost ($10-$20) and can be used to recharge single cell batteries at from 1-3.5 amps. It can be made from a cordless electric drill in a primitive environment. The simplest way of how to make a hand crank DC generator using a standard 12, 14.4 or 18 Volt Cordless drill

With no modification hook an alligator clip jumper to the two charging terminals (on the bottom that the battery plugs into). See picture below. Note that when a 14.4 Volt drill is laid down pointing to the left then the upper terminal is most likely to be the plus and the lower terminal the minus for these units.