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Meningitis: Prevention, Symptoms & Treatment - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...-12-frequently-asked-questions meningitis Challenge1 prevention diseases conditions
shared by apettistate345 on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis can be a very serious disease.
  • What is meningitis?
  • Meningitis occurs when the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges, become inflamed
  • ...37 more annotations...
  • What are the causes of meningitis?
  • two main causes of meningitis are viruses and bacteria.
  • Common bacteria or viruses may cause infection in a part of the body -- the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or respiratory tract, for instance.
  • Fungi, protozoa, and other parasites are less common causes of meningitis.
  • very rare cases, cancer, other diseases, or certain medications may also lead to inflammation of the meninges.
  • What is bacterial meningitis?
  • occurring more often in winter months.
  • common cause affecting teens is the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, which causes meningococcal disease.
  • bacteria that cause it live in the noses and throats of up to a quarter of the population.
  • Another leading cause of bacterial meningitis is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • What is viral meningitis?
  • more common
  • occur more often in the summer and fall
  • flu-like symptoms
  • Viruses that cause "stomach flu" are a cause of viral meningitis
  • viruses that lead to meningitis are those that cause chickenpox, mononucleosis (mono), and herpes.
  • Who is at risk for meningitis?
  • more common in infants and young children and in people older than 60.
  • A person of any age may develop bacterial meningitis.
  • includes kissing, coughing, or sneezing. Sharing eating utensils, glasses, food, or towels can also spread these bacteria and viruses.
  • more common in children, viral meningitis occurs in people of all ages.
  • Is meningitis contagious?
  • close contact with peers, teens and college students are at greater risk, too.
  • Close contact - not casual contact at work or school
  • usually caused by an infection
  • This disease can be fatal
  • cause serious lasting side effects
  • Bacteria can also enter the nervous system directly after severe head trauma or head surgery, or following an infection in the head.
  • Bacterial meningitis is serious
  • can be fatal if you don't receive treatment right away
  • not known why these bacteria sometimes travel to the nervous system and cause meningitis
  • most people who have these infections don't develop meningitis
  • can be similar to those of bacterial meningitis.
  • a weakened immune system
  • traveling
  • foreign countries also increases your risk for meningitis.
  • can spread the bacteria and viruses that cause meningitis
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Is Meningitis contagious? How can I prevent meningitis infection? - 2 views

www.webmd.boots.com/...meningitis-is-it-contagious
shared by bgibson167 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Is meningitis contagious?Meningitis is contagious. Prolonged close contact can spread the bacteria that cause meningitis. The bacteria can be spread through kissing, coughs and sneezes, shared cutlery, or sharing items like toothbrushes or cigarettes. Most over 25s will have some natural immunity to the meningococcal strain of bacteria that causes some types of meningitis. Outbreaks can occur where many young people live close to each other. These include universities, student housing, boarding schools and military bases.How can I prevent meningitis infection?Protection against meningitis C is part of routine childhood vaccinations, with a booster dose for teenagers. There is also a vaccine now for meningitis B, and plans are being made for this to be included in the childhood vaccination programme. People planning trip to parts of the world where meningitis is very common should seek medical advice about getting a travel jab for meningitis. Crowded conditions at religious gatherings such as the Hajj also put people at an increased risk of contracting meningitis.In addition to vaccinations, you should follow some common sense precautions to help prevent meningitis.Be careful around people who have meningitis. It is possible to catch some types of meningitis through contact with bodily fluids, so it might be spread by kissing, sneezing, coughing, or sharing utensils or toothbrushes. If somebody in your family has it, try to limit his or her contact with other family members.Wash your hands after contact with someone who has meningitis.If you come into close contact with someone with meningitis, seek medical advice. Depending on the extent of your exposure and the type of meningitis, you may be advised by your doctor to take an antibiotic as a precaution.
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Meningitis and Septicaemia | Health | Patient.co.uk - 0 views

www.patient.co.uk/...meningitis-leaflet
shared by bgibson167 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Bacterial meningitis and associated septicaemia have become less common in a period of 25 years
  • However, there are still nearly 10 cases every day.
  • to 3,200 people every year.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • caused by a bacterium called Neisseria meningitidis
  • Other germs such as fungi and tuberculosis (TB) are rare causes of meningitis.
  • Viral meningitis is more common than bacterial meningitis but exact figures are not known. It is a complication of various viral illnesses.
  • Viral meningitis is usually less serious than a bacterial cause.
  • children under the age of 5 years and teenagers are the most at risk from meningococcal meningitis.
  • Meningitis is inflammation of the tissues around the brain. It is a serious condition, caused by various germs - bacteria, viruses and fungi. The infection that causes meningitis often causes a blood infection as well (this is known as septicaemia). If you suspect meningitis - obtain medical help immediately.
  • kogburn084 on 07 Sep 14
     
    Meningitis 
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How Can I Avoid Getting Meningitis? - 1 views

www.healthline.com/...avoidance
shared by kjohnson535 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • kjohnson535 on 10 Sep 14
     
    Kelsey Meningitis
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Meningitis: Types, Treatment, & Prevention - 0 views

www.healthline.com/...meningitis
shared by ccsizmadia306 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Vaccinations can also protect against certain types of meningitis. Vaccines that can prevent meningitis include:
  • HiB vaccine (Haemophilus vaccine) Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Meningococcal vaccine
  • Preventive antibiotics are given to close contacts of people with meningococcal infection.
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Meningitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia - 0 views

www.nlm.nih.gov/...000680.htm medical meningitis prevention bacterial symptoms MeningitisGoogleGroup
shared by szapata805 on 06 Sep 14 - Cached
  • Viral meningitis can be caused by herpes viruses, the same virus that can cause cold sores and genital herpes .
  • Viruses that cause mumps and HIV can cause aseptic meningitis.
  • most often affects children and adults under age 30. 
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • Fever and chillsMental status changesNausea and vomitingSensitivity to light (photophobia)Severe headacheStiff neck (meningismus)
  • Antibiotics do not treat viral meningitis.
  • Viral meningitis is usually not serious, and symptoms should disappear within 2 weeks with no lasting complications.
  • If you think that you or your child has symptoms of meningitis, get emergency medical help immediately. Early treatment is key to a good outcome.
  • Haemophilus vaccine (HiB vaccine) in children helps prevent one type of bacterial meningitis.
  • The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is now a routine childhood immunization. It is very effective at preventing pneumococcal meningitis
  • acterial meningitis infections are extremely serious, and may result in death or brain damage,
  • eningococcal vaccination is recommended for:Adolescents ages 11 - 12 and adolescents entering high school (about age 15) who have not already received the vaccination. A booster shot is given between age 16-18.All college freshmen who have not been vaccinated and are living in dorms. Children age 2 and older who do not have their spleen or who have other problems with their immune system.Those traveling to countries where diseases caused by meningococcus are very common (ask your doctor).
  • eople with cold sores or genital herpes are not at a greater risk of developing herpes meningitis.
  • AgitationBulging fontanelles in babies Decreased alertnessPoor feeding or irritability in childrenRapid breathing
  • Unusual posture, with the head and nec
  • k arched backwards (opisthotonos)
  • Fast heart rateFeverMental status changesStiff neckIf the hea
  • Brain damage
  • Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain (subdural effusion)Hearing lossHydrocephalus
  • Seizures
  • causes of meningitis are viral infections that usually get better without treatment.
  • Meningitis is a bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges)
  • Meningitis may also be caused by:
  • Chemical irritationDrug allergiesFungiParasitesTumors
  • Viral meningitis occurs more often than bacterial meningitis, and is milder. It usually occurs in the late summer and early fall.
  • Bacteria meningitis is an emergency. You will need immediate treatment in a hospital. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include:
  • Meningitis is an important cause of fever in children and newborns.
  • chris22 on 10 Sep 14
     
    Meningitis help
  • szapata805 on 10 Sep 14
     
    "Meningitis may also be caused by: Chemical irritation Drug allergies Fungi Parasites Tumors"
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Staphylococcal Meningitis: Risk Factors, Causes & Diagnosis - 0 views

www.healthline.com/...meningitis-staphylococcal EnglishII deflitch HSA Challenge1 meningitis MeningitisGoogleGroup causes
shared by bwilliams181 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • two ways a person can contract Staphylococcal meningitis.
  • Hospital-acquired means that you got the infection while being treated at a hospital or nursing home.
  • Community-acquired means that you got the infection outside of the hospital or a healthcare setting.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Both infections are treated in the same way.
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Staphylococcal Meningitis: Risk Factors, Causes & Diagnosis - 1 views

www.healthline.com/...meningitis-staphylococcal prevention EnglishII deflitch HSA Challenge1 meningitis MeningitisGoogleGroup
shared by bwilliams181 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Staphylococcal meningitis (SM) is a bacterial infection affecting the meninges—the protective covering around the spinal cord and brain
  • rare and can be deadly.
  • either community- or hospital-acquired.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • it is usually a complication of a surgical procedure.
  • Early symptoms of SM are vague and may not be taken seriously because they resemble a cold or flu.
  • They grow more serious as the infection worsens.
  • Treatment is difficult because the condition is so rare.
  • Many patients are given the wrong antibiotics upon hospital arrival. Even with correct antibiotics, the risk of death is very high. Those with underlying chronic conditions have a higher risk of mortality.
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Meningitis-Cause - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...meningitis-cause
shared by cmathis606 on 08 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Usually these germs stay in the intestines or in the nose and throat, where they may or may not make us sick
  • These germs are usually passed from one person to another through infected saliva or mucus.
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Disease and Prevention Information - NMA - 0 views

www.nmaus.org/disease-prevention-information
shared by cvelaz614 on 05 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningococcal disease is a rare, sometimes deadly, bacterial infection.
  • lead to devastating complications such as hearing loss, brain or kidney damage or limb amputations.
  • Vaccination can help prevent meningococcal disease
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • vaccination of adolescents and young adults because they have a higher risk for this infection than others
  • early signs and symptoms can resemble influenza or other viral infections.
  • moves so quickly it leads to death or disability within hours.
  • prevention is critical.
  • but it cannot prevent every case.
  • Vaccination provides the best chance of protection
  • “Meningitis” is an inflammation of the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
  • usually caused by bacteria or viruses, it can also be caused by injury, cancer or certain drugs
  • (Neisseria meningitidis). When these bacteria invade the brain and spinal cord, they cause meningitis.
  • bacteria can also poison the bloodstream.
  • it is called meningococcemia
  • “bacterial meningitis” or “meningitis” are often used to describe bloodstream infection even though there is a medical distinction between the terms.
  • Meningococcal disease is a rare, sometimes deadly, bacterial infection. It can strike quickly and lead to devastating complications such as hearing loss, brain or kidney damage or limb amputations
  • Meningococcal Disease” is an infection caused by a specific type of bacteria
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Preventing Meningitis: Meningitis Vaccine & More - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...standing-meningitis-prevention
shared by apettistate345 on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis is usually caused by many different viruses and bacteria
  •  So the best methods of preventing it varies.
  • Meningococcal meningitis is a serious disease -- even with treatment.
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4)
  • or people ages 9 months to 55.
  • ages 2 through 55
  • Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4)
  • people older than age 55.
  • MCV4 tends to give longer protection and is better at preventing transmission of the disease.
  • College freshmen living in dorms
  • Travelers to areas of the world, such as Africa, where meningococcal disease is common
  • Mild pain or redness at the injection site is common and should not be a problem.
  • prevents infections that cause pneumonia, meningitis, and other problems
  • given to children between 2 months and  15 months old
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
  • children over 5 years old or adults with certain medical conditions. 
  • While Hib used to be the most likely cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years old, the vaccine has made it very rare.
  • Pneumococcal vaccines
  • The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is routinely given to children under 2. 
  • The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for all adults over 65. 
  • MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine
  • Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine and shingles vaccine target the varicella virus, which can potentially lead to viral meningitis.
    • ecampos693
      ecampos693 on 07 Sep 14
       
      The article gets into depth about the prevention and treatments.
  • Meningitis is usually caused by many different viruses and bacteria
  • by getting vaccinated and taking sensible precautions, you can greatly reduce your risk
  • meningococcal vaccine can prevent meningitis infection
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Hospital-acquired bacterial meningitis in neuros... [J Neurosurg. 1977] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...845632 Meningitis HSA EngII bacterial
shared by rjurski481 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • The authors review 23 cases of hospital-acquired meningitis occurring over a 15 year period in neurosurgical patients.
  • 23 cases of hospital-acquired meningitis occurring over a 15 year period in neurosurgical patients. Factors associated with the development of meningitis include recent craniotomy, cerebrospinal fluid leak, the presence of ventricular or lumbar drainage tubes, and skull fracture. Four cases were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis; one of these patients died.
  • 19 cases, Gram-negative enteric bacteria were the etiologic agents, most commonly members of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group. Eleven of these patients died. The particular antibiotic or group of antibiotics used and the route of administration made no difference in the outcome of Gram-negative bacillary meningitis.
  • haleyhurt268 on 07 Sep 14
     
    how many patients get meningitis (neurological)
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Meningitis: MedlinePlus - 0 views

www.nlm.nih.gov/...meningitis.html meningitis deflitch English hsa
shared by gseiber103 on 07 Sep 14 - Cached
  • Meningitis is inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges.
  • he most common is viral meningitis, which you get when a virus enters the body through the nose or mouth
  • A sudden fever A severe headache A stiff neck
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Meningitis, Bacterial Meningitis | Patient.co.uk - 0 views

www.patient.co.uk/...meningitis-pro prevention meningitis patient bacterial
shared by ddail172 on 03 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • eningitis occurs in people of all age groups but infants, young
  • he epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the UK has changed dramatically over a period of two decades following the introduction of vaccines to control
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b, serogroup C meningococcus and pneumococcal disease
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • atients having spinal procedures (eg, spinal anaesthetics) are at increased risk and Pseudomonas spp. may then be the cause.
  • Other risk factors include bacterial endocarditis, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism and cirrhosis, intravenous drug abuse, renal insufficiency, adrenal insufficiency, malignancy (increased risk of listerial infection), hypoparathyroidism, thalassaemia major and cystic fibrosis.
  • Crowding (eg, military recruits and college students) increases the risk of outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis.
  • Neonat
  • fants and young children: H. influenzae type b, if younger than 4 years and unvaccinated; Neisseria me
  • Hospital-acquired and post-traumatic meningitis
  • N. meningitidis: usually local outbreaks among young adults
  • Meningococcal meningitis is endemic in parts of Africa, India and other developing nations.
  • Neonates are at greater risk of meningitis
  • ow birth weight (below 2500 g),
  • premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, traumatic delivery, fetal hypoxia and maternal peripartum infection.
  • iral infec
  • on - eg, mumps, echovirus, Coxsackievirus, HSV and herpes zoster virus, HIV, measles, influenza, arboviruses.[10] 
  • Fungal infection:
  • alignant cells (leukaemia, lymphoma, other tumours).
  • Chemical meningitis (intrathecal drugs, contaminants).
  • Fever, headache.
  • tiff neck
  • Altered mental state, unconsciousness, toxic/moribund state
  • hock:
  • Kernig's sign
  • rudzinski's sign
  • Paresis, focal neurological deficits
  • eizures.
  • Vaccination against H. influenzae type b, meningococcus group C and S. pneumoniae. Appropriate prophylaxis of people in close contact with those diagnosed
  • ddail172 on 07 Sep 14
     
    Prevention of meningitis that s very organized
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Nosocomial bacterial meningitis � prevention rather than cure! - 0 views

www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php Pakistan prevention
shared by ddail172 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Once NBM is suspected, aggressive empirical antimicrobial therapy is indicated along with catheter removal.
  • According to New England Journal of Medicine recommendations, adoption of simple techniques before, during and after surgery can minimise the risk of postoperative meningitis. These include draping the surgical site with adhesive drapes to prevent implantable hardware from coming in contact with exposed skin, use of double layer of gloves when handling implantable devices, using percutaneous drains to collect postoperative haemorrhage after surgery etc.2 Evidence suggests that antibiotic-impregnated catheters reduce the incidence of shunt infection.
  • The avoidance of modifiable risk factors in the causation of NBM should be emphasised. These include the duration and frequency of catheterisation, intraventricular haemorrhage, and insertion techniques.
  • ddail172 on 07 Sep 14
     
    JPMA Prevention rather than cure on nonsocomial meningitis
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Meningitis: Types, Treatment, & Prevention - 0 views

www.healthline.com/...meningitis Meningitis HSA Challenge1 Prevention EnglishII
shared by kmclaughlin040 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • requires immediate hospitalization. Treatment will be with intravenous antibiotics. Early diagnosis and treatment are important. They help prevent brain damage and death. There is no specific antibiotic for meningitis. It depends on the bacteria involved.
  • treated with anti-fungal agents
  • It usually resolves on its own. Symptoms should go away within two weeks. There are no serious long-term problems associated with viral meningitis
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Bacterial Meningitis - 0 views

www.co.monroe.mi.us/...bacterial_meningitis.html symptoms Meningitis MeningitisGoogleGroup Prevention
shared by jchase438 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • nfection of the spinal fluid and of the membranes surrounding the brain (the meninges
  • vaccine was approved for u
  • most common cause of meningitis.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • aemophilus influenzae B
  • S. pneumoniae or N. meningitidis, via direct contact with their respiratory secretions.
  • ymptoms of meningitis are the same regardless of the cause: fever, headache, and stiff neck. As the disease advances, a rash may appear on the infected person, which are spots of dead tissue, destroyed by the invading bacteria.
  • erfectly healthy in the morning
  • and dead by nightfall.
    • jchase438
      jchase438 on 07 Sep 14
       
      This article states how the disease is transmitted and how fast and deadly the disease is.
  • tially requires hospitalization so that symptoms can be monitored, and so that large doses of antibiotics can be given intravenously. Prompt, appro
  • ist against all different types of bacterial meningitis. Vaccines against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae B (Hib) are part of the recommended childhood vaccination series.
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Bacterial Meningitis \\ Emergency Preparedness \\ Loyola University Maryland - 0 views

www.loyola.edu/...meningitis Meningitis HSA Challenge1 EnglishII
shared by jchase438 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
    • jchase438
      jchase438 on 07 Sep 14
       
      This article is describing what meningitis, the prevention of it, and a warning of when you should not take the vaccination.  
  • 70% of bacterial meningitis cases.
  • nfection th
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • Early symptoms of meningitis may include: High fever Rash Vomiting Severe headache Neck stiffness Lethargy Nausea Sensitivity to light
  • Prevention
  • mmunization against bacteria strains A, C, Y, and W-135,
  • dangerous swelling of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
  • protected 100% after receiving the immunization.
  • (warmth, redness, swelling, or soreness) a
  • 2 days.
  • should NOT get the meningitis vaccine if you have:
  • A serious, active infection Hypersensitivity or allergy to thimerosal (a preservative used in eye drops and vaccines) If you are or planning to become pregnant
  • atal meningitis to below 15%, a
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Teens at Risk of Meningitis - 0 views

www.voicesofmeningitis.org/meningitis-in-teenagers.html Prevention of Meningitis
shared by ecampos693 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
    • ecampos693
      ecampos693 on 07 Sep 14
       
      Articles for teens and their risk against Meningitis and informs them about what they can do to prevent from getting it and what life style factors and choices they need to stay away from so they dont get Meningitis.
  • teenagers and young adults are at greater risk of getting meningococcal disease
  • 10% of the 500 to 1200 Americans who get meningococcal meningitis each year will die
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Sharing drinking glasses, eating utensils, or water bottles Being in crowded situations for prolonged periods of time Kissing Not getting enough sleep Smoking (or being exposed to smoke) Living in close quarters (eg, dormitories, boarding schools, sleep-away camps)
  • Meningococcal Meningitis Vaccination
5More

Meningococcal | Community Settings Risk Factors | CDC - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...risk-community.html meningitis HSA challenge 1 second period college prevention
shared by acerda265 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • College students, especially first-year college students living in residence halls, are at a slightly increased risk for meningococcal disease compared with other persons of the same age. Many states have adopted legislation requiring colleges to provide information on risks of meningococcal disease to incoming students and/or students residing on campus, and some have mandated vaccination for certain students, unless a vaccination waiver is provided.
  • College students, especially first-year college students living in residence halls, are at a slightly increased risk for meningococcal disease compared with other persons of the same age. Many states have adopted legislation requiring colleges to provide information on risks of meningococcal disease to incoming students and/or students residing on campus, and some have mandated vaccination for certain students, unless a vaccination waiver is provided.
  • First-year college students living in residence halls are recommended to be vaccinated with meningococcal conjugate vaccine
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • within 5 years
  • The risk for meningococcal disease among non-first-year college students is similar to that for the general population. However, the vaccine is safe and effective and therefore can be provided to non-first-year college students.
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