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avivajazz jazzaviva

Neurogenesis in the adult brain: The association with stress and depression || Bio-Medi... - 0 views

www.bio-medicine.org/...2Dand%2Ddepression%2D23489%2D1

neurology depression neuropsychopharmacology psychiatry neurons neurogenesis stress medicine biomedicine

shared by avivajazz jazzaviva on 15 Oct 09 - Cached
  • avivajazz jazzaviva on 15 Oct 09
     
    Professor Fuchs from the Clinical Neurobiology Laboratory, German Primate Center in Goettingen, will present the latest findings on how brain cells can be adversely affected by stress and depression. He will explain how the adult brain is generating new cells and which impact these findings will have on the development of novel antidepressant drugs. Contact: Sonja Mak. s.mak@update.europe.at. 43-140-55734. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Source:Eurekalert (2008)
anonymous

The "problem" learner: Whose problem is it? AMEE Guide No. 76, Medical Teacher, Informa... - 0 views

informahealthcare.com/...0142159X.2013.774082

difficultstudents

shared by anonymous on 09 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • anonymous on 09 Apr 13
     
    " The potential stress of medical school and residency training will also be addressed, as will a number of prevention strategies. Identifying learners' problems early - and providing guidance from the outset - can be an important investment in the training and development of future health professionals. It is hoped that this Guide will be of help to clinical teachers, program directors and faculty "
anonymous

Life satisfaction and resilience in medical school - a six-year longitudinal, nationwid... - 0 views

www.biomedcentral.com/...48

resilience

shared by anonymous on 08 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • anonymous on 08 Apr 12
     
    "In conclusion, this study shows that life satisfaction decreased somewhat during medical school. The medical students were initially as satisfied as other students, but the level of life satisfaction in their final year was lower than that of other comparable students. Medical students who sustained high levels of life satisfaction perceived medical school as interfering less with their social and personal life, and made less use of passive, emotion focused coping, such as wishful thinking, than did their peers. Medical schools should encourage students to try to achieve a balance between schoolwork and their social and personal lives, and emphasise the importance of healthy coping strategies, for instance, by providing stress management courses. "
anonymous

Cognitive debiasing 2: impediments to and strategies for change -- Croskerry et al. -- ... - 0 views

qualitysafety.bmj.com/...bmjqs-2012-001713.abstract

Crosskerry debiasing medicalerror

shared by anonymous on 03 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • anonymous on 03 Sep 13
     
    " We stress the importance of ambient and contextual influences on the quality of individual decision making and the need to address factors known to impair calibration of the decision maker. We also emphasise the importance of introducing these concepts and corollary development of training in critical thinking in the undergraduate level in medical education. "
anonymous

Breaking bad news education for emergency medicine residents: A novel training module u... - 1 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2966572

communication bad news

shared by anonymous on 25 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • anonymous on 25 Nov 13
     
    "We believe that the workshop was a worthwhile use of valuable educational time. Using simulation as an educational tool along with the SPIKES protocol and small group role play is a novel and efficient module to teach EPs how to break bad news in the stressful environments of an emergency room."
anonymous

Medical student attitudes toward video games and related new media technologies in medi... - 1 views

www.biomedcentral.com/...50

games newmedia

shared by anonymous on 30 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • anonymous on 30 Jan 11
     
    "Overall, medical student respondents, including many who do not play video games, held highly favorable views about the use of video games and related new media technology in medical education. Significant gender differences in game play experience and attitudes may represent male video game design bias that stresses male cognitive aptitudes; medical educators hoping to create serious games that will appeal to both men and women must avoid this."
anonymous

Placebos Are Getting More Effective. Drugmakers Are Desperate to Know Why. - 0 views

www.wired.com/...ff_placebo_effect

placebo

shared by anonymous on 20 Sep 09 - Cached
  • response to placebo was considered a psychological trait related to neurosis and gullibility rather than a physiological phenomenon that could be scrutinized in the lab and manipulated for therapeutic benefit. But then Benedetti came across a study, done years earlier, that suggested the placebo effect had a neurological foundation. US scientists had found that a drug called naloxone blocks the pain-relieving power of placebo treatments. The brain produces its own analgesic compounds called opioids, released under conditions of stress, and naloxone blocks the action of these natural painkillers and their synthetic analogs.
  • Placebo-activated opioids, for example, not only relieve pain; they also modulate heart rate and respiration. The neurotransmitter dopamine, when released by placebo treatment, helps improve motor function in Parkinson's patients. Mechanisms like these can elevate mood, sharpen cognitive ability, alleviate digestive disorders, relieve insomnia, and limit the secretion of stress-related hormones like insulin and cortisol.
  • Alzheimer's patients with impaired cognitive function get less pain relief from analgesic drugs than normal volunteers do. Using advanced methods of EEG analysis, he discovered that the connections between the patients' prefrontal lobes and their opioid systems had been damaged. Healthy volunteers feel the benefit of medication plus a placebo boost. Patients who are unable to formulate ideas about the future because of cortical deficits, however, feel only the effect of the drug itself. The experiment suggests that because Alzheimer's patients don't get the benefits of anticipating the treatment, they require higher doses of painkillers to experience normal levels of relief.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • placebo response has limits. It can ease the discomfort of chemotherapy, but it won't stop the growth of tumors. It also works in reverse to produce the placebo's evil twin, the nocebo effect. For example, men taking a commonly prescribed prostate drug who were informed that the medication may cause sexual dysfunction were twice as likely to become impotent.
  • placebo aids recovery is by hacking the mind's ability to predict the future. We are constantly parsing the reactions of those around us—such as the tone a doctor uses to deliver a diagnosis—to generate more-accurate estimations of our fate. One of the most powerful placebogenic triggers is watching someone else experience the benefits of an alleged drug. Researchers call these social aspects of medicine the therapeutic ritual.
  • What turns a dummy pill into a catalyst for relieving pain, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, or the tremors of Parkinson's disease? The brain's own healing mechanisms, unleashed by the belief that a phony medication is the real thing. The most important ingredient in any placebo is the doctor's bedside manner, but according to research, the color of a tablet can boost the effectiveness even of genuine meds—or help convince a patient that a placebo is a potent remedy.
  • Red pills can give you a more stimulating kick
  • green reduces anxiety
  • White tablets—particularly those labeled "antacid"—are superior for soothing ulcers
  • More is better,scientists say. Placebos taken four times a day deliver greater
  • Branding matters. Placebos stamped or packaged with widely recognized trademarks are more effective than "generic"
  • Clever names
  • volunteers in this high-interaction group got as much relief as did people taking the two leading prescription drugs for IBS. And the benefits of their bogus treatment persisted for weeks afterward, contrary to the belief—widespread in the pharmaceutical industry—that the placebo response is short-lived.
  • hybrid treatment strategies that exploit the placebo effect to make real drugs safer and more effective. Cancer patients undergoing rounds of chemotherapy often suffer from debilitating nocebo effects—such as anticipatory nausea—conditioned by their past experiences with the drugs. A team of German researchers has shown that these associations can be unlearned through the administration of placebo, making chemo easier to bear.
  • body's response to certain types of medication is in constant flux, affected by expectations of treatment, conditioning, beliefs, and social cues.
  • Big Pharma have moved aggressively into Africa, India, China, and the former Soviet Union. In these places, however, cultural dynamics can boost the placebo response in other ways. Doctors in these countries are paid to fill up trial rosters quickly, which may motivate them to recruit patients with milder forms of illness that yield more readily to placebo treatment. Furthermore, a patient's hope of getting better and expectation of expert care—the primary placebo triggers in the brain—are particularly acute in societies where volunteers are clamoring to gain access to the most basic forms of medicine. "The quality of care that placebo patients get in trials is far superior to the best insurance you get in America
  • The HAM-D was created nearly 50 years ago based on a study of major depressive disorder in patients confined to asylums. Few trial volunteers now suffer from that level of illness. In fact, many experts are starting to wonder if what drug companies now call depression is even the same disease that the HAM-D was designed to diagnose.
  • What all of these disorders have in common, however, is that they engage the higher cortical centers that generate beliefs and expectations, interpret social cues, and anticipate rewards. So do chronic pain, sexual dysfunction, Parkinson's
  • In standard trials, the act of taking a pill or receiving an injection activates the placebo response. In open/hidden trials, drugs and placebos are given to some test subjects in the usual way and to others at random intervals through an IV line controlled by a concealed computer. Drugs that work only when the patient knows they're being administered are placebos themselves.
  • Ironically, Big Pharma's attempt to dominate the central nervous system has ended up revealing how powerful the brain really is. The placebo response doesn't care if the catalyst for healing is a triumph of pharmacology, a compassionate therapist, or a syringe of salt water. All it requires is a reasonable expectation of getting better. That's potent medicine.
anonymous

Narrative Medicine: The storied case report - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC516188

casebased

shared by anonymous on 08 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • anonymous on 08 Jul 11
     
    "We argue that neither approach is optimal and recommend a third alternative that stresses the patient's story of illness and engages the doctor's capacity to understand, interpret and communicate the meaning of that story.2 We term this the "storied case report" in recognition of the importance of narrative to the case report."
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