Group items tagged

Prior knowledge, or background knowledge, is the information someone already knows about a topic. Sounds great, right? If you are teaching someone it has to be a good thing for that person to already know some things about the subject, right? Not always. Maybe that person's prior knowledge is biased, wrong, or full of misconceptions- that would leave that person at a disadvantage. Teachers, who know that proper prior knowledge help students make connections with the information, must ensure they use their student's prior knowledge appropriately. This essay explains how a student's prior knowledge can affect their learning and how teachers can use prior knowledge to their advantage in instruction.

Week 7: This is a journal article based on reading behaviors, which emphasizes Daniel Willingham's arguments in the importance of building content knowledge. In reference to that, this journal discusses the effect background knowledge plays on comprehension of texts read. "The present study was designed to assess the role that background knowledge plays in determining young children's ability to process relationships that are explicitly and fully specified in a text in comparison to those that are only partially specified by the same text" (Pearson, 1979, pg. 201). This journal article stresses the relationship and connection that is made between texts and the reader based on background knowledge that has been built. This gives a great lens to see the effect of building such knowledge and seeing the benefits of it play out on the students.

(Week 7: Cathy, Sheila and Suzanne) This journal article is accessible though the link given above by accessing the UMUC library. This journal article discussed the connection between metacognition and cognitive retention dependent on particular Biology teaching strategies. The article focused on four strategies, Problem-based learning (PBL), Jigsaw, PBL integrated with Jigsaw and direct teaching. The article explained how PBL/Jigsaw leads to greater metacognition skills and therefore the students will be more successful learners. This article can help teachers identify student learning gaps and incorporate learning strategies that aid in metacognitive skills and also increase cognitive retention. It also examines how student motivation and leaning styles and cooperative learning strategies can help self-esteem and student achievement. Palennari wrote that metacognition makes students become independent learners that can manage and plan their learning process. "Self-regulated learners are responsible for their own learning progress and adapt their learning strategies reaching demands completely." (Palennari, 2016) Reference: Palennari, M. (2016). Exploring the correlation between metacognition and cognitive retention of students using some biology teaching strategies. Journal of Baltic Science Education. 15(5). Pp 617-629.

(Week 9: Shawntel & Maia) This journal article can be accessed through UMUC's library. The focus of the article was to investigate the impact of linguistics in the process of solving math word problems. The article describes as study analysis of the influence of the number of steps and operations as variables that need to be utilized by learners when solving math word problems. The study used a combination of math word problems where some had consistent language and some had inconsistent language. Both focus groups were given the same questions; however, one group the instructor focused on metacognitive strategies to assist with reading comprehension. The group who were taught metacognitive strategies highly outscored the other group. The study showed that effective teaching strategies require the inclusion of metacognitive and self-regulating processes. The article strongly argues that conceptual understanding in mathematics is highly interrelated with reading comprehension. The article discusses three main components of learning, which are cognition, metacognition, and motivation. In other words, reading comprehension equips students with the confident ability to connect previous concepts to current processes the resolve issues on their own. Our group focused on the understood definition of reading comprehension as obtaining the meaning of what has been read based on readers' previous knowledge or background information in order to continue. Therefore, reading comprehension is the most important factor to improving student success when developing strategies to solving math word problems. This article was used to support teacher strategies when facilitating group work. The students were placed in small, mixed groups to discuss the videos to solve a math word problems as suggested in the article. During their collaborative work, the teacher developed more specific metacognitive questions to focus on reading comprehension and not the math technique.

Teachers incorporate writing in math class to help students reflect on their learning, deepen their understanding of important concepts by explaining and providing examples of those concepts, and make important connections to real-life applications of the math they are learning. This page includes links to other writing resources.

Preventing students from dropping out of high school shouldn't begin in high school. Research shows that efforts and attention should begin in the middle grades because those grades can be a prime battleground against dropping out in the future. There program does not lie solely with the at-risk youth and potential dropouts. Schools need to determine and implement school improvement strategies and models reflective of all students to give each student e genuine opportunity to succeed. Meaningful Engaged Learning (MEL) helps students succeed academically. MEL focuses on five areas - Inviting Schools, Learning by Doing, Student Voice and Choice, Higher Order Thinking, and Real World Connections.

This article follows a cohort of teacher candidates through their 4 years of undergraduate studies to help them develop their own personal beliefs about teaching which in turn helps the teachers to develop their practical theories on teaching. The article concludes that teachers must be reflective in their teaching in order to improve their instruction. They must be able to recognize what works and what does not and how to go about increasing their strategies to help students.