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Prior knowledge, or background knowledge, is the information someone already knows about a topic. Sounds great, right? If you are teaching someone it has to be a good thing for that person to already know some things about the subject, right? Not always. Maybe that person's prior knowledge is biased, wrong, or full of misconceptions- that would leave that person at a disadvantage. Teachers, who know that proper prior knowledge help students make connections with the information, must ensure they use their student's prior knowledge appropriately. This essay explains how a student's prior knowledge can affect their learning and how teachers can use prior knowledge to their advantage in instruction.