* Boaters reported high levels of compliance, motivated by normative factors.
* Certain characteristics predispose boaters to be motivated by normative factors.
* Boaters had a strong sense of responsibility and concern for orcas.
* Education and outreach are important to fill gaps in awareness about regulations.
*I nterventions based on normative factors should be complemented by enforcement.
* We examined vessel traffic threats on endangered killer whale foraging behavior.
* Prey capture probability decreased as speed of proximate vessels increased.
* Prey capture probability increased as estimates of preferred prey increased.
* Vessel distance, noise and echosounders also influenced prey capture behavior.
* Findings inform efforts to manage threats to endangered cetacean populations.