Group items tagged

Mark-up:   Marked information is data that has marks or signals to let a computer distinguish one type of data from the other.  

A variable:   A variable happens when you give some data a name. 

A string:   A string is a kind of variable that has text.

An array:   An array is a type of variable that includes a list used by computer programs for later manipulation.    

An object:   Explaining objects in full requires that someone read up on object-oriented programming.  

Tree-based  Structures Tree-based structures, or cluster models are a subset of “structured text” data storage models.  

XML is probably the best example.

data is organized in “parents”, “siblings” and “children”.

The Relational Model The relational model is better than a tree-model when your dataset is large and complicated.    The way it works is, instead of thinking in terms of “parents, siblings and children,” you think in term of relationships.

the “Primary Key.”   This means that every data object (such as a library) has a way of identifying itself in a unique way

a “Foreign Key.”    The Foreign key is a way to associate one dataset (eg. libraries) with another dataset (eg. library branches, hospitals or businesses).

This association is called a relationship.

In more complicated relationships (called the Many-to-Many relationship), you might have to create a third table to associate two entities.      

TEXT/XML Based Text files can be organized in such a way as to accommodate some of the benefits of the relational model.

Two examples of XML-based databases include Xindice and Sedna.

SQL/Binary-based Databases The more common relational database type is a piece of software running on a server, rather than a set of text files.   They are generally accessed using a standard language called SQL (Structure Query Language), or more specifically SQL as supported by a popular scripting language like PHP, Python or Java.

Almost any major web application will have a combination of all these types of data storage methods!  

As individuals and members of organizations, we’re already choosing between desktop applications and cloud applications when it comes to e-mail, RSS, file storage, word processing and other simple applications. Sooner or later we’ll have to make this choice for mission-critical enterprise applications too

Libraries may soon be building and managing their own data centers.

For more practical, technical explanations of cloud computing, check out the Wikipedia article the Anatomy of Cloud Computing the MIT Technology Review Briefing on Cloud Computing.

For a discussion of problems and concerns about the digital cloud, read: How Secure is Cloud Computing? Security in the Ether Industry Challenges: The Standards Question

Phishing attacks

SQL injection

Spam blocking

avoid the porn filter

Shortened links are free, so you can use a new one for every recipient.

PURL. If one of your machines gets taken out, you can edit the PURL to keep your link working, and shorten it for good measure.

As I've described here, there are lots of ways to abuse a link redirection service

"If libraries are to retain their role as curators of the intellectual products of society, their assets must be part of that search stream."

web entities such as DBpedia, which offers a Semantic Web mirror of Wikipedia

libraries have begun to reconceptualize metadata and publish it on the web using linked data technologies, such as the Resource Description Framework (RDF) language and its extensions OWL, SKOS, and SPARQL.

library metadata is formatted and linked in RDF, then library content will surface more prominently in web search results

Recommendations from W3CThe report is still being finalized but the draft recommends that libraries:

— create web addresses using Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) as globally unique, web-compatible identifiers for the resources (any kind of object or concept) they manage and the metadata elements they use

— develop library data standards that are compatible with linked data

— use their expertise in metadata management to become full partners

— foster a discussion about open data and rights.

— explore using libraries' ethos of quality control in the curation and long-term preservation of linked data datasets and vocabularies.

"As the shared understanding expands, the benefits of publishing linked data are becoming clearer,"

‘Academic Search Engine Optimization’ (ASEO)

Citation counts are commonly used to evaluate the impact and performance of researchers and their articles.

Nowadays, citation counts from Web-based academic search engines are also used for impact evaluations.

Most academic search engines offer features such as showing articles cited by an article, or showing related articles to a given article. Citation spam could bring more articles from manipulating researchers onto more of these lists.

It is apparent that a citation from a PowerPoint presentation or thesis proposal has less value than a citation in a peer reviewed academic article. However, Google does not distinguish on its website between these different origins of citations[8].

Google Scholar indexes Wikipedia articles when the article is available as PDF on a third party website.

That means, again, that not all citations on Google Scholar are what we call ‘full-value’ citations.

As long as Google Scholar applies only very rudimentary or no mechanisms to detect and prevent spam, citation counts should be used with care to evaluate articles’ and researchers’ impact.

However, Google Scholar is a Web-based academic search engine and as with all Web-based search engines, the linked content should not be trusted blindly.