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張 旭

The Rubyist's Guide to Environment Variables - Honeybadger.io Blog - 0 views

blog.honeybadger.io/by-guide-environment-variables

ruby environment development shell

shared by 張 旭 on 12 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • If you want to be able to effectively manage web apps in development and in production, you have to understand environment variables.
  • Every program you run on your server has at least one process. That process gets its own set of environment variables.
  • Once it has them, nothing outside of that process can change them.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Every program you run on your server gets its own set of environment variables at the moment you launch it.
  • Environment variables die with their process
  • Every process has a parent. That’s because every program has to be started by some other program.
  • Child processes inherit env vars from their parent
  • By default a child will get copies of every environment variable that its parent has. But the parent has control over this.
  • Changes to the environment don’t sync between running processes
  • shells do provide their own “local” shell variable systems
  • Environment variables are NOT the same as shell variables
  • use the export command to convert the local variable into an environment variable.
張 旭

Asset Pipeline - Ruby on Rails 指南 - 0 views

guides.ruby-china.org/asset_pipeline.html

shared by 張 旭 on 30 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • 清单文件或帮助方法
    • 張 旭
      張 旭 on 30 Jan 15
       
      清單文件是指：application.css 跟 application.js
  • Sprockets 会按照搜索路径中各路径出现的顺序进行搜索。默认情况下，这意味着 app/assets 文件夹中的静态资源优先级较高，会遮盖 lib 和 vendor 文件夹中的相应文件
  • 如果静态资源不会在清单文件中引入，就要添加到预编译的文件列表中，否则在生产环境中就无法访问文件。
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • 程序中使用了 jQuery 代码库和许多模块，都保存在 lib/assets/javascripts/library_name 文件夹中，那么 lib/assets/javascripts/library_name/index.js 文件的作用就是这个代码库的清单。清单文件中可以按顺序列出所需的文件，或者干脆使用 require_tree 指令。
  • 如果使用 Turbolinks（Rails 4 默认启用），加上 data-turbolinks-track 选项后，Turbolinks 会检查静态资源是否有更新，如果更新了就会将其载入页面
  • config.assets.paths 包含标准路径和其他 Rails 引擎添加的路径。
  • 链接不存在的资源（也包括链接到空字符串的情况）会在调用页面抛出异常。
  • 关闭标签不能使用 -%> 形式
  • Sprockets 通过清单文件决定要引入和伺服哪些静态资源
  • 在 JavaScript 文件中，Sprockets 的指令以 //= 开头。在上面的文件中，用到了 require 和 the require_tree 指令。
  • app/assets/javascripts/application.js
  • require_tree 指令告知 Sprockets 递归引入指定文件夹中的所有 JavaScript 文件。文件夹的路径必须相对于清单文件。也可使用 require_directory 指令加载指定文件夹中的所有 JavaScript 文件，但不会递归。
  • Sprockets 会按照从上至下的顺序处理指令，但 require_tree 引入的文件顺序是不可预期的，不要设想能得到一个期望的顺序。
  • app/assets/stylesheets/application.css
  • 不管创建新程序时有没有指定 --skip-sprockets 选项，Rails 4 都会生成 app/assets/javascripts/application.js 和 app/assets/stylesheets/application.css
  • 如果多次调用 require_self，只有最后一次调用有效
  • 如果想使用多个 Sass 文件，应该使用 Sass 中的 @import 规则，不要使用 Sprockets 指令。
  • 清单文件可以有多个。
  • 如果使用默认的 gem，生成控制器或脚手架时，会生成 CoffeeScript 和 SCSS 文件，而不是普通的 JavaScript 和 CSS 文件。
  • 在开发环境中，或者禁用 Asset Pipeline 时，这些文件会使用 coffee-script 和 sass 提供的预处理器处理，然后再发给浏览器
  • 启用 Asset Pipeline 时，这些文件会先使用预处理器处理，然后保存到 public/assets 文件夹中，再由 Rails 程序或网页服务器伺服
  • 添加额外的扩展名可以增加预处理次数，预处理程序会按照扩展名从右至左的顺序处理文件内容。所以，扩展名的顺序要和处理的顺序一致
  • 预处理器的执行顺序很重要
  • 在开发环境中也可启用压缩功能，检查是否能正常运行。需要调试时再禁用压缩即可。
  • 默认情况下，Rails 认为静态资源已经事先编译好了，直接由网页服务器伺服。
  • 般情况下，请勿修改 config.assets.digest 的默认值
  • 可在部署时编译静态资源
  • 在多次部署之间共用这个文件夹是十分重要的，这样只要缓存的页面可用，其中引用的编译后的静态资源就能正常使用。
  • 默认编译的文件包括 application.js、application.css 以及 gem 中 app/assets 文件夹中的所有非 JS/CSS 文件（会自动加载所有图片）
  • 如果想编译其他清单，或者单独的样式表和 JavaScript，可以添加到 config/application.rb 文件中的 precompile 选项
  • 设置编译所有静态资源
  • manifest-md5hash.json 的文件，列出所有静态资源和对应的指纹
  • 把 Expires 报头设置为很久以后
  • 在本地预编译后，可以把编译好的文件纳入版本控制系统，再按照常规的方式部署
  • 实时编译消耗的内存更多，比默认的编译方式性能更低，因此不推荐使用
  • 如果用 CDN 分发静态资源，要确保文件不会被缓存，因为缓存会导致问题。如果设置了 config.action_controller.perform_caching = true，Rack::Cache 会使用 Rails.cache 存储静态文件，很快缓存空间就会用完。
  • Sprockets 默认使用的公开路径是 /assets
  • X-Sendfile 报头的作用是让服务器忽略程序的响应，直接从硬盘上伺服指定的文件
  • 为 Rails 提供标准 JavaScript 代码库的 jquery-rails gem 是个很好的例子。这个 gem 中有个引擎类，继承自 Rails::Engine。添加这层继承关系后，Rails 就知道这个 gem 中可能包含静态资源文件，会把这个引擎中的 app/assets、lib/assets 和 vendor/assets 三个文件夹加入 Sprockets 的搜索路径中。
張 旭

Active Record Migrations - Ruby on Rails Guides - 0 views

guides.rubyonrails.org/migrations.html

rails migration ruby database model

shared by 張 旭 on 24 Jan 14 - Cached
  • a convenient way to alter your database schema
  • each migration as being a new 'version' of the database
  • On databases that support transactions with statements that change the schema, migrations are wrapped in a transaction
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • a UTC timestamp identifying the migration
  • references(also available as belongs_to)
  • produce join tables if JoinTable is part of the name
  • The model and scaffold generators will create migrations appropriate for adding a new model
  • The create_table method is one of the most fundamental
  • By default, create_table will create a primary key called id
  • the default is ENGINE=InnoDB
  • Migration method create_join_table creates a HABTM join table.
  • By default, create_join_table will create two columns with no options
  • change_table, used for changing existing tables
  • execute method to execute arbitrary SQL
  • The change method is the primary way of writing migrations
  • migration definitions
  • write the up and down methods instead of using the change method
張 旭

Getting Started with Rails - Ruby on Rails Guides - 0 views

guides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html

shared by 張 旭 on 22 Jan 14 - Cached
  • A controller's purpose is to receive specific requests for the application.
  • Routing decides which controller receives which requests
  • The view should just display that information
  • ...55 more annotations...
  • view templates are written in a language called ERB (Embedded Ruby) which is converted by the request cycle in Rails before being sent to the user.
  • Each action's purpose is to collect information to provide it to a view.
  • A view's purpose is to display this information in a human readable format.
  • routing file which holds entries in a special DSL (domain-specific language) that tells Rails how to connect incoming requests to controllers and actions.
  • You can create, read, update and destroy items for a resource and these operations are referred to as CRUD operations
  • A controller is simply a class that is defined to inherit from ApplicationController.
  • If not found, then it will attempt to load a template called application/new. It looks for one here because the PostsController inherits from ApplicationController
  • :formats specifies the format of template to be served in response. The default format is :html, and so Rails is looking for an HTML template.
  • :handlers, is telling us what template handlers could be used to render our template.
  • When you call form_for, you pass it an identifying object for this form. In this case, it's the symbol :post. This tells the form_for helper what this form is for.
  • that the action attribute for the form is pointing at /posts/new
  • When a form is submitted, the fields of the form are sent to Rails as parameters.
  • parameters can then be referenced inside the controller actions, typically to perform a particular task
  • params method is the object which represents the parameters (or fields) coming in from the form.
  • Active Record is smart enough to automatically map column names to model attributes,
  • Rails uses rake commands to run migrations, and it's possible to undo a migration after it's been applied to your database
  • every Rails model can be initialized with its respective attributes, which are automatically mapped to the respective database columns.
  • migration creates a method named change which will be called when you run this migration.
  • The action defined in this method is also reversible, which means Rails knows how to reverse the change made by this migration, in case you want to reverse it later
  • Migration filenames include a timestamp to ensure that they're processed in the order that they were created.
  • @post.save returns a boolean indicating whether the model was saved or not.
  • prevents an attacker from setting the model's attributes by manipulating the hash passed to the model.
  • If you want to link to an action in the same controller, you don't need to specify the :controller option, as Rails will use the current controller by default.
  • inherits from ActiveRecord::Base
  • Active Record supplies a great deal of functionality to your Rails models for free, including basic database CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Destroy) operations, data validation, as well as sophisticated search support and the ability to relate multiple models to one another.
  • Rails includes methods to help you validate the data that you send to models
  • Rails can validate a variety of conditions in a model, including the presence or uniqueness of columns, their format, and the existence of associated objects.
  • redirect_to will tell the browser to issue another request.
  • rendering is done within the same request as the form submission
  • Each request for a comment has to keep track of the post to which the comment is attached, thus the initial call to the find method of the Post model to get the post in question.
  • pluralize is a rails helper that takes a number and a string as its arguments. If the number is greater than one, the string will be automatically pluralized.
  • The render method is used so that the @post object is passed back to the new template when it is rendered.
  • The method: :patch option tells Rails that we want this form to be submitted via the PATCH HTTP method which is the HTTP method you're expected to use to update resources according to the REST protocol.
  • it accepts a hash containing the attributes that you want to update.
  • field_with_errors. You can define a css rule to make them standout
  • belongs_to :post, which sets up an Active Record association
  • creates comments as a nested resource within posts
  • call destroy on Active Record objects when you want to delete them from the database.
  • Rails allows you to use the dependent option of an association to achieve this.
  • store all external data as UTF-8
  • you're better off ensuring that all external data is UTF-8
  • use UTF-8 as the internal storage of your database
  • Rails defaults to converting data from your database into UTF-8 at the boundary.
  • :patch
  • By default forms built with the form_for helper are sent via POST
  • The :method and :'data-confirm' options are used as HTML5 attributes so that when the link is clicked, Rails will first show a confirm dialog to the user, and then submit the link with method delete. This is done via the JavaScript file jquery_ujs which is automatically included into your application's layout (app/views/layouts/application.html.erb) when you generated the application.
  • Without this file, the confirmation dialog box wouldn't appear.
  • just defines the partial template we want to render
  • As the render method iterates over the @post.comments collection, it assigns each comment to
  • a local variable named the same as the partial
  • use the authentication system
  • require and permit
  • the method is often made private to make sure it can't be called outside its intended context.
  • standard CRUD actions in each controller in the following order: index, show, new, edit, create, update and destroy.
  • must be placed before any private or protected method in the controller in order to work
張 旭

Active Record Basics - Ruby on Rails Guides - 0 views

guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_basics.html

ruby rails programming development framework model database object

shared by 張 旭 on 22 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • the model - which is the layer of the system responsible for representing business data and logic.
  • Active Record facilitates the creation and use of business objects whose data requires persistent storage to a database
  • Rails will pluralize your class names to find the respective database table.
  • ...33 more annotations...
  • objects carry both persistent data and behavior which operates on that data
  • Object-Relational Mapping, commonly referred to as its abbreviation ORM, is a technique that connects the rich objects of an application to tables in a relational database management system
  • Represent associations between these models
  • Validate models before they get persisted to the database
  • The idea is that if you configure your applications in the very same way most of the times then this should be the default way.
  • Database Table - Plural with underscores separating words
  • use the ActiveRecord::Base.table_name= method to specify the table name
  • Model Class - Singular with the first letter of each word capitalized
  • Foreign keys - These fields should be named following the pattern singularized_table_name_id
  • Primary keys - By default, Active Record will use an integer column named id as the table's primary key
  • created_at
  • updated_at
  • (table_name)_count - Used to cache the number of belonging objects on associations.
  • Single Table Inheritance (STI)
  • Object Relational Mapping
  • class_name.yml
  • ActiveRecord::Base.primary_key=
  • CRUD is an acronym for the four verbs we use to operate on data: Create, Read, Update and Delete.
  • new method will return a new object
  • create will return the object and save it to the database.
  • Using the new method, an object can be instantiated without being saved
  • user.save will commit the record to the database
  • update_all class method
  • an Active Record object can be destroyed which removes it from the database
  • Validation is a very important issue to consider when persisting to database, so the methods create, save and update take it into account when running: they return false when validation fails and they didn't actually perform any operation on database.
  • a bang counterpart
  • Active Record callbacks allow you to attach code to certain events in the life-cycle of your models
  • Rails keeps track of which files have been committed to the database and provides rollback features
  • rake db:migrate
  • rake db:rollback
  • Convention over Configuration
    • 張 旭
      張 旭 on 12 Apr 16
       
      Model 是單數，Table 是複數。想象一下，處理 Object 的時候是逐一處理，但是存放的地方是放了一堆 Objects。
    • 張 旭
      張 旭 on 12 Apr 16
       
      外鍵是單數的形式，這也很好理解：因為關聯到的是一個外部的 Object
張 旭

Better Specs { rspec guidelines with ruby } - 0 views

www.betterspecs.org

rails ruby test programming rspec

shared by 張 旭 on 14 Jun 17 - No Cached
  • # when referring to an instance method's name
  • . (or ::) when referring to a class method's name
  • Be clear about what method you are describing.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • When describing a context, start its description with "when" or "with".
  • is_expected.to respond_with
  • In isolated unit specs, you want each example to specify one (and only one) behavior.
  • Contexts are a powerful method to make your tests clear and well organized
  • not isolated
  • est valid, edge and invalid case.
  • new projects always use the expect syntax
  • On one line expectations or with implicit subject we should use is_expected.to
  • When you have to assign a variable instead of using a before block to create an instance variable, use let.
張 旭

dry-rb - Home - 0 views

dry-rb.org

ruby programming development

shared by 張 旭 on 02 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • crazylion lee on 02 Oct 16
     
    "dry-rb is a collection of next-generation Ruby libraries, each intended to encapsulate a common task"
張 旭

Ruby on Rails 實戰聖經 | 網站效能 - 0 views

ihower.tw/performance.html

rails programming mysql performance

shared by 張 旭 on 28 Nov 18 - No Cached
  • 依照慣例是_count結尾，型別是integer，有預設值0。
  • lol_dba提供了Rake任務可以幫忙找忘記加的索引。
  • Bullet是一個外掛可以在開發時偵測N+1 queries問題。
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • 存取資料庫是一種相對很慢的I/O的操作：每一條SQL query都得耗上時間、執行回傳的結果也會被轉成ActiveRecord物件全部放進記憶體
  • 如果需要撈出全部的資料做處理，強烈建議最好不要用all方法，因為這樣會把全部的資料一次放進記憶體中，如果資料有成千上萬筆的話，效能就墜毀了。
  • .find_each( :batch_size => 100 )
  • .find_in_batches( :batch_size => 100 )
  • 在Transaction交易範圍內的SQL效能會加快，因為最後只需要COMMIT一次即可
  • Elasticsearch全文搜尋引擎和elasticsearch-rails gem
  • QueryReviewer這個套件透過SQL EXPLAIN分析SQL query的效率
  • 必要時可以採用逆正規化的設計。犧牲空間，增加修改的麻煩，但是讓讀取這事件變得更快更簡單。
  • 將成本轉嫁到寫入，而最佳化了讀取時間
  • 在效能還沒有造成問題前，就為了優化效能而修改程式和架構，只會讓程式更混亂不好維護
  • 當效能還不會造成問題時，程式的維護性比考慮效能重要
  • 會拖慢整體效能的程式，只佔全部程式的一小部分而已，所以我們只最佳化會造成問題的程式。
  • 善用分析工具找效能瓶頸，最佳化前需要測量，最佳化後也要測量比較。
  • rack-mini-profiler在頁面的左上角顯示花了多少時間，並且提供報表，推薦安裝
  • 如果是不需要權限控管的靜態檔案，可以直接放在public目錄下讓使用者下載。
  • Web伺服器得先安裝好x_sendfile功能
  • 如果要讓你的Assets例如CSS, JavaScript, Images也讓使用者透過CDN下載，只要修改config/environments/production.rb的config.action_controller.asset_host為CDN網址即可。
  • 有時候「執行速度較快」的程式碼不代表好維護、好除錯的程式碼
  • Ruby不是萬能，有時候直接呼叫外部程式是最快的作法
張 旭

The Asset Pipeline - Ruby on Rails Guides - 0 views

guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html

rails image javascript font CSS file

shared by 張 旭 on 29 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • provides a framework to concatenate and minify or compress JavaScript and CSS assets
  • adds the ability to write these assets in other languages and pre-processors such as CoffeeScript, Sass and ERB
  • invalidate the cache by altering this fingerprint
  • ...80 more annotations...
  • Rails 4 automatically adds the sass-rails, coffee-rails and uglifier gems to your Gemfile
  • reduce the number of requests that a browser makes to render a web page
  • Starting with version 3.1, Rails defaults to concatenating all JavaScript files into one master .js file and all CSS files into one master .css file
  • In production, Rails inserts an MD5 fingerprint into each filename so that the file is cached by the web browser
  • The technique sprockets uses for fingerprinting is to insert a hash of the content into the name, usually at the end.
  • asset minification or compression
  • The sass-rails gem is automatically used for CSS compression if included in Gemfile and no config.assets.css_compressor option is set.
  • Supported languages include Sass for CSS, CoffeeScript for JavaScript, and ERB for both by default.
  • When a filename is unique and based on its content, HTTP headers can be set to encourage caches everywhere (whether at CDNs, at ISPs, in networking equipment, or in web browsers) to keep their own copy of the content
  • asset pipeline is technically no longer a core feature of Rails 4
  • Rails uses for fingerprinting is to insert a hash of the content into the name, usually at the end
  • With the asset pipeline, the preferred location for these assets is now the app/assets directory.
  • Fingerprinting is enabled by default for production and disabled for all other environments
  • The files in app/assets are never served directly in production.
  • Paths are traversed in the order that they occur in the search path
  • You should use app/assets for files that must undergo some pre-processing before they are served.
  • By default .coffee and .scss files will not be precompiled on their own
  • app/assets is for assets that are owned by the application, such as custom images, JavaScript files or stylesheets.
  • lib/assets is for your own libraries' code that doesn't really fit into the scope of the application or those libraries which are shared across applications.
  • vendor/assets is for assets that are owned by outside entities, such as code for JavaScript plugins and CSS frameworks.
  • Any path under assets/* will be searched
  • By default these files will be ready to use by your application immediately using the require_tree directive.
  • By default, this means the files in app/assets take precedence, and will mask corresponding paths in lib and vendor
  • Sprockets uses files named index (with the relevant extensions) for a special purpose
  • Rails.application.config.assets.paths
  • causes turbolinks to check if an asset has been updated and if so loads it into the page
  • if you add an erb extension to a CSS asset (for example, application.css.erb), then helpers like asset_path are available in your CSS rules
  • If you add an erb extension to a JavaScript asset, making it something such as application.js.erb, then you can use the asset_path helper in your JavaScript code
  • The asset pipeline automatically evaluates ERB
  • data URI — a method of embedding the image data directly into the CSS file — you can use the asset_data_uri helper.
  • Sprockets will also look through the paths specified in config.assets.paths, which includes the standard application paths and any paths added by Rails engines.
  • image_tag
  • the closing tag cannot be of the style -%>
  • asset_data_uri
  • app/assets/javascripts/application.js
  • sass-rails provides -url and -path helpers (hyphenated in Sass, underscored in Ruby) for the following asset classes: image, font, video, audio, JavaScript and stylesheet.
  • Rails.application.config.assets.compress
  • In JavaScript files, the directives begin with //=
  • The require_tree directive tells Sprockets to recursively include all JavaScript files in the specified directory into the output.
  • manifest files contain directives — instructions that tell Sprockets which files to require in order to build a single CSS or JavaScript file.
  • You should not rely on any particular order among those
  • Sprockets uses manifest files to determine which assets to include and serve.
  • the family of require directives prevents files from being included twice in the output
  • which files to require in order to build a single CSS or JavaScript file
  • Directives are processed top to bottom, but the order in which files are included by require_tree is unspecified.
  • In JavaScript files, Sprockets directives begin with //=
  • If require_self is called more than once, only the last call is respected.
  • require directive is used to tell Sprockets the files you wish to require.
  • You need not supply the extensions explicitly. Sprockets assumes you are requiring a .js file when done from within a .js file
  • paths must be specified relative to the manifest file
  • require_directory
  • Rails 4 creates both app/assets/javascripts/application.js and app/assets/stylesheets/application.css regardless of whether the --skip-sprockets option is used when creating a new rails application.
  • The file extensions used on an asset determine what preprocessing is applied.
  • app/assets/stylesheets/application.css
  • Additional layers of preprocessing can be requested by adding other extensions, where each extension is processed in a right-to-left manner
  • require_self
  • use the Sass @import rule instead of these Sprockets directives.
  • Keep in mind that the order of these preprocessors is important
  • In development mode, assets are served as separate files in the order they are specified in the manifest file.
  • when these files are requested they are processed by the processors provided by the coffee-script and sass gems and then sent back to the browser as JavaScript and CSS respectively.
  • css.scss.erb
  • js.coffee.erb
  • Keep in mind the order of these preprocessors is important.
  • By default Rails assumes that assets have been precompiled and will be served as static assets by your web server
  • with the Asset Pipeline the :cache and :concat options aren't used anymore
  • Assets are compiled and cached on the first request after the server is started
  • RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake assets:precompile
  • Debug mode can also be enabled in Rails helper methods
  • If you set config.assets.initialize_on_precompile to false, be sure to test rake assets:precompile locally before deploying
  • By default Rails assumes assets have been precompiled and will be served as static assets by your web server.
  • a rake task to compile the asset manifests and other files in the pipeline
  • RAILS_ENV=production bin/rake assets:precompile
  • a recipe to handle this in deployment
  • links the folder specified in config.assets.prefix to shared/assets
  • config/initializers/assets.rb
  • The initialize_on_precompile change tells the precompile task to run without invoking Rails
  • The X-Sendfile header is a directive to the web server to ignore the response from the application, and instead serve a specified file from disk
  • the jquery-rails gem which comes with Rails as the standard JavaScript library gem.
  • Possible options for JavaScript compression are :closure, :uglifier and :yui
  • concatenate assets
張 旭

Ruby on Rails 實戰聖經 | 自動化測試 - 0 views

ihower.tw/testing.html

rails test ruby programming

shared by 張 旭 on 14 Jun 17 - No Cached
  • 最小的測試粒度叫做Unit Test單元測試，會對個別的類別和方法測試結果如預期。再大一點的粒度稱作Integration Test整合測試，測試多個元件之間的互動正確。最大的粒度則是Acceptance Test驗收測試，從用戶觀點來測試整個軟體。
  • 單元測試，通常會由開發者自行負責測試，因為只有你自己清楚每個類別和方法的內部結構是怎麼設計的。
  • 哪來的時間做自動化測試呢？這個想法是相當短視和業餘的想法
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • 這其實是一種投資，如果是簡單的程式，也許你手動執行一次就寫對了，但是如果是複雜的程式，往往第一次不會寫對，你會浪費很多時間在檢查到底你寫的程式的正確性，而寫測試就可以大大的節省這些時間。更不用說你明天，下個禮拜或下個月需要再確認其他程式有沒有副作用影響的時候，你有一組測試程式可以大大節省手動檢查的時間。
  • 幾乎每種語言都有一套叫做xUnit測試框架的測試工具
  • 標準流程是 1. (Setup) 設定測試資料 2. (Exercise) 執行要測試的方法 3. (Verify) 檢查結果是否正確 4. (Teardown) 清理還原資料
  • RSpec是一套改良版的xUnit測試框架，非常風行於Rails社群
  • 個別的單元測試應該是獨立不會互相影響的
  • 一個it區塊，就是一個單元測試，裡面的expect方法會進行驗證。
  • RSpec裡，我們又把一個小單元測試叫做example
  • BDD(Behavior-driven development)測試框架，相較於TDD用test思維，測試程式的結果。BDD強調的是用spec思維，描述程式應該有什麼行為。
  • describe和context幫助你組織分類，都是可以任意套疊的。
  • 每個it就是一小段測試，在裡面我們會用expect(…).to來設定期望
  • let可以用來簡化上述的before用法，並且支援lazy evaluation和memoized，也就是有需要才初始，並且不同單元測試之間，只會初始化一次，可以增加測試執行效率
  • let!則會在測試一開始就先初始一次，而不是lazy evaluation。
  • 先列出來預計要寫的測試，或是暫時不要跑的測試
  • specify和example都是it方法的同義字。
  • 進階一點你可以自己寫Matcher
  • RSpec分成數種不同測試，分別是Model測試、Controller測試、View測試、Helper測試、Route和Request測試
  • Rails內建有Fixture功能可以建立假資料，方法是為每個Model使用一份YAML資料。
  • 記得確認每個測試案例之間的測試資料需要清除
張 旭

Form Helpers - Ruby on Rails Guides - 0 views

guides.rubyonrails.org/form_helpers.html

rails form framework ruby html

shared by 張 旭 on 18 Jun 17 - Cached
  • While the *_tag helpers can certainly be used for this task they are somewhat verbose as for each tag you would have to ensure the correct parameter name is used and set the default value of the input appropriately.
  • For these helpers the first argument is the name of an instance variable and the second is the name of a method (usually an attribute) to call on that object.
  • must pass the name of an instance variable, i.e. :person or "person", not an actual instance of your model object.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • provide a :namespace option for your form to ensure uniqueness of id attributes on form elements.
  • a form builder object (the f variable).
張 旭

Rails Application Templates - Ruby on Rails Guides - 1 views

guides.rubyonrails.org/ils_application_templates.html

rails development template

shared by 張 旭 on 09 Jan 18 - No Cached
  • Application templates are simple Ruby files containing DSL for adding gems/initializers etc. to your freshly created Rails project or an existing Rails project.
  • copy_file will accept relative paths to your template's location
張 旭

Working with JavaScript in Rails - Ruby on Rails Guides - 0 views

guides.rubyonrails.org/_with_javascript_in_rails.html

rails javascript ajax

shared by 張 旭 on 28 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • JavaScript can also make requests to the server, and parse the response
  • Rails uses a technique called "Unobtrusive JavaScript" to handle attaching JavaScript to the DOM.
  • We call this 'unobtrusive' JavaScript because we're no longer mixing our JavaScript into our HTML.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • the data-remote="true". Now, the form will be submitted by Ajax rather than by the browser's normal submit mechanism.
  • the format.js in the respond_to block; that allows the controller to respond to your Ajax request.
crazylion lee

Home | Upskill - 0 views

upskillcourses.com

javascript rails ruby development course web

shared by crazylion lee on 26 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • crazylion lee on 26 Nov 16
     
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