Skip to main content

Home/ Digital Ethnography at Kansas State University/ Group items tagged memorial

Rss Feed Group items tagged

Filter: All | Bookmarks | Topics Simple Middle
Trapper Callender

Man-Computer Symbiosis - 2 views

groups.csail.mit.edu/...Licklider.html

Licklider Man-Computer Symbiosis computer history

shared by Trapper Callender on 11 Feb 10 - Cached
  • In short, it seems worthwhile to avoid argument with (other) enthusiasts for artificial intelligence by conceding dominance in the distant future of cerebration to machines alone.
  • There will nevertheless be a fairly long interim during which the main intellectual advances will be made by men and computers working together in intimate association. A multidisciplinary study group, examining future research and development problems of the Air Force, estimated that it would be 1980 before developments in artificial intelligence make it possible for machines alone to do much thinking or problem solving of military significance. That would leave, say, five years to develop man-computer symbiosis and 15 years to use it. The 15 may be 10 or 500, but those years should be intellectually the most creative and exciting in the history of mankind.
  • It is often said that programming for a computing machine forces one to think clearly, that it disciplines the thought process. If the user can think his problem through in advance, symbiotic association with a computing machine is not necessary.
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • They would be easier to solve, and they could be solved faster, through an intuitively guided trial-and-error procedure in which the computer cooperated, turning up flaws in the reasoning or revealing unexpected turns in the solution.
  • Poincare anticipated the frustration of an important group of would-be computer users when he said, "The question is not, 'What is the answer?' The question is, 'What is the question?'" One of the main aims of man-computer symbiosis is to bring the computing machine effectively into the formulative parts of technical problems.
  • It is to bring computing machines effectively into processes of thinking that must go on in "real time," time that moves too fast to permit using computers in conventional ways.
  • To think in interaction with a computer in the same way that you think with a colleague whose competence supplements your own will require much tighter coupling between man and machine than is suggested by the example and than is possible today.
  • Throughout the period I examined, in short, my "thinking" time was devoted mainly to activities that were essentially clerical or mechanical: searching, calculating, plotting, transforming, determining the logical or dynamic consequences of a set of assumptions or hypotheses, preparing the way for a decision or an insight. Moreover, my choices of what to attempt and what not to attempt were determined to an embarrassingly great extent by considerations of clerical feasibility, not intellectual capability.
  • the operations that fill most of the time allegedly devoted to technical thinking are operations that can be performed more effectively by machines than by men.
  • If those problems can be solved in such a way as to create a symbiotic relation between a man and a fast information-retrieval and data-processing machine, however, it seems evident that the cooperative interaction would greatly improve the thinking process.
  • Computing machines can do readily, well, and rapidly many things that are difficult or impossible for man, and men can do readily and well, though not rapidly, many things that are difficult or impossible for computers. That suggests that a symbiotic cooperation, if successful in integrating the positive characteristics of men and computers, would be of great value. The differences in speed and in language, of course, pose difficulties that must be overcome.
  • Men will fill in the gaps, either in the problem solution or in the computer program, when the computer has no mode or routine that is applicable in a particular circumstance.
  • Clearly, for the sake of efficiency and economy, the computer must divide its time among many users. Timesharing systems are currently under active development. There are even arrangements to keep users from "clobbering" anything but their own personal programs.
  • It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15 years hence, a "thinking center" that will incorporate the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and the symbiotic functions suggested earlier in this paper. The picture readily enlarges itself into a network of such centers, connected to one another by wide-band communication lines and to individual users by leased-wire services. In such a system, the speed of the computers would be balanced, and the cost of the gigantic memories and the sophisticated programs would be divided by the number of users.
  • The first thing to face is that we shall not store all the technical and scientific papers in computer memory. We may store the parts that can be summarized most succinctly-the quantitative parts and the reference citations-but not the whole. Books are among the most beautifully engineered, and human-engineered, components in existence, and they will continue to be functionally important within the context of man-computer symbiosis. (Hopefully, the computer will expedite the finding, delivering, and returning of books.)
  • The second point is that a very important section of memory will be permanent: part indelible memory and part published memory. The computer will be able to write once into indelible memory, and then read back indefinitely, but the computer will not be able to erase indelible memory. (It may also over-write, turning all the 0's into l's, as though marking over what was written earlier.) Published memory will be "read-only" memory. It will be introduced into the computer already structured. The computer will be able to refer to it repeatedly, but not to change it.
  • The basic dissimilarity between human languages and computer languages may be the most serious obstacle to true symbiosis.
  • In short: instructions directed to computers specify courses; instructions-directed to human beings specify goals.
  • We may in due course see a serious effort to develop computer programs that can be connected together like the words and phrases of speech to do whatever computation or control is required at the moment. The consideration that holds back such an effort, apparently, is that the effort would produce nothing that would be of great value in the context of existing computers. It would be unrewarding to develop the language before there are any computing machines capable of responding meaningfully to it.
  • By and large, in generally available computers, however, there is almost no provision for any more effective, immediate man-machine communication than can be achieved with an electric typewriter.
  • Displays seem to be in a somewhat better state than controls. Many computers plot graphs on oscilloscope screens, and a few take advantage of the remarkable capabilities, graphical and symbolic, of the charactron display tube. Nowhere, to my knowledge, however, is there anything approaching the flexibility and convenience of the pencil and doodle pad or the chalk and blackboard used by men in technical discussion.
  • 2) Computer-Posted Wall Display: In some technological systems, several men share responsibility for controlling vehicles whose behaviors interact. Some information must be presented simultaneously to all the men, preferably on a common grid, to coordinate their actions. Other information is of relevance only to one or two operators. There would be only a confusion of uninterpretable clutter if all the information were presented on one display to all of them. The information must be posted by a computer, since manual plotting is too slow to keep it up to date.
  • Laboratory experiments have indicated repeatedly that informal, parallel arrangements of operators, coordinating their activities through reference to a large situation display, have important advantages over the arrangement, more widely used, that locates the operators at individual consoles and attempts to correlate their actions through the agency of a computer. This is one of several operator-team problems in need of careful study.
  • 3) Automatic Speech Production and Recognition: How desirable and how feasible is speech communication between human operators and computing machines?
  • Yet there is continuing interest in the idea of talking with computing machines.
  • In large part, the interest stems from realization that one can hardly take a military commander or a corporation president away from his work to teach him to type. If computing machines are ever to be used directly by top-level decision makers, it may be worthwhile to provide communication via the most natural means, even at considerable cost.
  • It seems reasonable, therefore, for computer specialists to be the ones who interact directly with computers in business offices.
  • Certainly, if the equipment were already developed, reliable, and available, it would be used.
  • Trapper Callender on 11 Feb 10
     
    Man-computer symbiosis is an expected development in cooperative interaction between men and electronic computers. It will involve very close coupling between the human and the electronic members of the partnership. The main aims are 1) to let computers facilitate formulative thinking as they now facilitate the solution of formulated problems, and 2) to enable men and computers to cooperate in making decisions and controlling complex situations without inflexible dependence on predetermined programs. In the anticipated symbiotic partnership, men will set the goals, formulate the hypotheses, determine the criteria, and perform the evaluations. Computing machines will do the routinizable work that must be done to prepare the way for insights and decisions in technical and scientific thinking. Preliminary analyses indicate that the symbiotic partnership will perform intellectual operations much more effectively than man alone can perform them. Prerequisites for the achievement of the effective, cooperative association include developments in computer time sharing, in memory components, in memory organization, in programming languages, and in input and output equipment.
jenniflowers4

70% Discount on Memorial Day on WeKnowRugs - Rugs Texas is a place where you can read a... - 0 views

rugstexas.blogspot.com/...scount-on-memorial-day-on.html

for Sale Outdoor rugs Persian Kitchen Throw Transitional Carpet Runners Round Jute Rug Indoor-Outdoor Oriental Area

shared by jenniflowers4 on 29 Apr 19 - No Cached
  • jenniflowers4 on 29 Apr 19
     
    Memorial Day Discount Area Rugs Fresh Collection on Memorial Day occurs in the last week of May and is popularly known among the people as Memorial Day Discount. This day is specially marked for recognizing fallen heroes and occurs mostly Monday.
arunaraayala

Traffic restrictions for Police Martyr Memorial Run 2016 - Locality News - 0 views

www.localitynews.com/olice-martyr-memorial-run-2016

traffic restrictions police memorial news

shared by arunaraayala on 17 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • arunaraayala on 17 Oct 16
     
    In consideration of the Police Martyr Memorial Run on Sunday, police has enforced the following traffic restrictions around Hussain Sagar between 0600 hours to 1000 hours
Om Nanotech Pvt Ltd

Computer DRAM Memory Module Manufacturer India Delhi/NCR - 0 views

www.om-nanotech.com

Computer DRAM Memory Module Manufacturer Supplier India Delhi_NCR

shared by Om Nanotech Pvt Ltd on 08 Apr 14 - Cached
  • Om Nanotech Pvt Ltd on 08 Apr 14
     
    Om Nanotech, Computer DRAM memory module flash USB pen drive manufacturer, supplier, dealer, and exporter company in India Delhi/NCR. Buy, Best, computer, laptop, desktop,PC,SO-DIMM,LONG-DIMM,LODIMM,UBDIMM,Server RAM, brands are Dolgix,Windi,Qumem & OEM.
michol lasti

Canon PIXMA MG6170 Driver Download | nomies4monstersdriver - 0 views

nomies4monsters.blogspot.com/...ma-mg6170-driver-download.html

canon driver download PIXMA Mg6170 free free download

shared by michol lasti on 14 Jul 14 - No Cached
  • michol lasti on 14 Jul 14
     
    The Canon PIXMA Mg6170 characteristics asset sparing Auto Duplex Printing and permits you to sweep straightforwardly to memory cards or USB blaze drives. It has an advantageous 3.0 inch LCD show and gives a mixture of innovative printing alternatives for computerized pictures and HD motion picture stills
michol lasti

UsbFix 8.015 Free Download | librosdigitalescs software - 0 views

librosdigitalescs.blogspot.com/...usbfix-8015-free-download.html

UsbFix 8.015 Free Download UsbFix 8.015 software free download

shared by michol lasti on 24 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • michol lasti on 24 Aug 15
     
    UsbFix 8.015 Free Download - UsbFix 8.015 is often a free malware removal tool that allows you to detect and remove contaminated USB memory sticks or every other USB removable devices, including external HDD's, smartphones, digital cameras or some other peripherals that connects to your laptop or computer via the USB slot
Trapper Callender

As We May Think - The Atlantic (July 1945) - 2 views

www.theatlantic.com/...bush

Vannevar Bush internet history technology conceptual framework

shared by Trapper Callender on 11 Feb 10 - Cached
  • Trapper Callender on 11 Feb 10
     
    Article written in 1945 by Vannevar Bush. In his article, Bush described a theoretical machine he called a "memex," which was to enhance human memory by allowing the user to store and retrieve documents linked by associations. This associative linking was very similar to what is known today as hypertext. Ted Nelson who later did pioneering work with hypertext credited Bush as his main influence. Others, such as J.C.R. Licklider and Douglas Engelbart have also paid homage to Bush.
Annie Smith

MP3 Buying Guide - 0 views

thecomputersgalaxy.com/...mp3-buying-guide

FM PC PMP TV

shared by Annie Smith on 05 Aug 11 - No Cached
  • Annie Smith on 05 Aug 11
     
    The humble CD was invented way back in the 80s. High time we ditch those archaic media and switch to electronic storage right? A good MP3 or MP4 player these days is much more than just that. These little devices are multifunctional power tools too. Many have FM (with recording), ability to view photos, videos, function as a dictaphone and as portable storage. â?¨The market is flooded with options (including Chinese ones) of different types, brands, memory capacities, features and prices. And this is exactly the reason why this buying guide should help you..........
michol lasti

Miranda 0.10.28 Free Download | librosdigitalescs software - 0 views

librosdigitalescs.blogspot.com/...randa-01028-free-download.html

Miranda 0.10.28 Free full Download Miranda IM 0.10.28 free download software

shared by michol lasti on 23 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • michol lasti on 23 Jan 15
     
    Miranda 0.10.28 Free Download - Miranda IM 0.10.28 is some sort of multi-protocol instant messenger client intended for Windows. Miranda IM 0.10.28 uses not much memory and is extremely quick
michol lasti

UsbFix 7.811 Free Download | librosdigitalescs software - 0 views

librosdigitalescs.blogspot.com/...usbfix-7811-free-download.html

UsbFix 7.811 Free Download UsbFix 7.811 free download software

shared by michol lasti on 01 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • michol lasti on 01 Feb 15
     
    UsbFix 7.811 Free Download - UsbFix 7.811 is usually a free malware removal tool that allows you to detect and remove infected USB memory sticks or another USB removable devices, such because external HDD's, digital cameras, smartphones or other peripherals that connects to your computer or laptop via the USB port.
ajinkyak

64-BIT Computing Technology & Benefits - 0 views

industrytoday.co.uk/...pportunity-analysis--2016-2024

operating system microcomputers

shared by ajinkyak on 11 Jan 21 - No Cached
  • ajinkyak on 11 Jan 21
     
    In pc design, 64-bit Computing integers, memory addresses, or alternative information units area unit people who area unit sixty four bits (8 octets) wide. Also, 64-bit central process unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures area unit people who area unit supported processor registers, address buses, or information buses of that size.
honeymughal

Rufus 3.16 Crack Free Download 2021 - 0 views

solsofts.com/rufus-crack-free-download

crack free download download free

shared by honeymughal on 01 Dec 21 - No Cached
  • honeymughal on 01 Dec 21
     
    Rufus 3.16 Crack Free Download 2021 Rufus 3.16  is a USB formatting software application that also creates a bootable USB drive using a bootable ISO image. This application requires administrator rights. Rufus Full Version is a small utility that helps format and creates bootable USB flash drives, such as USB key/pen drives, memory sticks, etc.…
mattressesreview

Best Mattresses Reviews 2017 - Ultimate Buying Guide - 1 views

bestmattressesreviews.com

best mattresses reviews online

shared by mattressesreview on 27 Feb 17 - No Cached
  • mattressesreview on 27 Feb 17
     
    Looking for a Best mattresses 2017? We've reviews on best memory foam mattress, innerspring mattress,adjustable mattress and more. Visit now for details.
Mike Wesch

Joyce on Esthetic Arrest - 0 views

www.gutenberg.org/...prtrt11.txt

arrest eme2008 joyce wesch

shared by Mike Wesch on 22 Jul 08 - Cached
  • the feeling which arrests the mind in the presence of whatsoever is grave and constant in human sufferings and unites it with the human sufferer
  • You see I use the word ARREST. I mean that the tragic emotion is static. Or rather the dramatic emotion is. The feelings excited by improper art are kinetic, desire or loathing. Desire urges us to possess, to go to something; loathing urges us to abandon, to go from something. The arts which excite them, pornographical or didactic, are therefore improper arts. The esthetic emotion (I used the general term) is therefore static. The mind is arrested and raised above desire and loathing.
  • It means certainly a stasis and not a kinesis
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • force of generalization which would make the esthetic image a universal one
  • The instant wherein that supreme quality of beauty, the clear radiance of the esthetic image, is apprehended luminously by the mind which has been arrested by its wholeness and fascinated by its harmony is the luminous silent stasis of esthetic pleasure, a spiritual state very like to that cardiac condition which the Italian physiologist Luigi Galvani, using a phrase almost as beautiful as Shelley's, called the enchantment of the heart.
  • If you bear this in memory you will see that art necessarily divides itself into three forms progressing from one to the next. These forms are: the lyrical form, the form wherein the artist presents his image in immediate relation to himself; the epical form, the form wherein he presents his image in mediate relation to himself and to others; the dramatic form, the form wherein he presents his image in immediate relation to others.
  • It awakens, or ought to awaken, or induces, or ought to induce, an esthetic stasis, an ideal pity or an ideal terror, a stasis called forth, prolonged, and at last dissolved by what I call the rhythm of beauty.
Mike Wesch

Patriotic Nigras - Wrecking Second Life Since 2006 - 0 views

www.freewebs.com/...index.html

anonymous creed deindividuality individuality manifesto

shared by Mike Wesch on 02 Jun 08 - Cached
  • the next form of social evolution on the Internet.
  • As the internet has grown in popularity, a disturbing phenomenon has occurred: Everyone thinks they they are SPECIAL.
  • We have news for you... You aren't special.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • You are a mindless horde of filth, traversing the universe on a small ball of dirt. A speck upon a speck in the vastness of existance.
  • We are here to remind you of this.
  • deindividuality
  • We will take all of the filth in the world; images you never want to see, stories you never want to hear, memories you never want to see again, we will bring it all into the light of day and laugh at it as you run screaming,
  • We cannot be stopped. We have no leader. We have no true names. We are Anonymous, and our numbers are vast. We are everywhere, and we never forgive.
  • Wherever someone takes themselves too seriously, we will be there. Wherever someone has an inflated ego, we will be there.
  • We will do it through madness. And we will remove you from the high place you have built yourself.
Mike Wesch

The New Atlantis » Is Stupid Making Us Google? - 0 views

www.thenewatlantis.com/...is-stupid-making-us-google

Carr Bowman socialmedia critic learning effects

shared by Mike Wesch on 03 Jan 09 - Cached
  • “as we come to rely on computers to mediate our understanding of the world, it is our own intelligence that flattens into artificial intelligence.”
  • what we are witnessing is not just an educational breakdown but a deformation of the very idea of intelligence.
  • Even those who have come to the Web late in life are not so very different, then, from the fifth-graders who, as an elementary school principal told Bauerlein, proceed as follows when they are assigned a research project: “go to Google, type keywords, download three relevant sites, cut and paste passages into a new document, add transitions of their own, print it up, and turn it in.”
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • even those who are most gung-ho about new ways of learning probably tend to cling to a belief that education has, or ought to have, at least something to do with making things lodge in the minds of students—this even though the disparagement of the role of memory in education by professional educators now goes back at least three generations, long before computers were ever thought of as educational tools.
  • adapting its understanding of what education is to the new realities of how the new generation of “netizens” actually learn (and don’t learn) rather than trying to adapt the kids to unchanging standards of scholarship and learning.
  • “lower-order skills” in comparison with the spatial, information-gathering, and pattern-recognition skills fostered by hours at the computer screen
  • can’t imagine a mathematician saying the same thing about math, or a biologist about biology, yet, sad to say, scholars, journalists, and other guardians of culture accept the deterioration of their province without much regret.
  • humanities stopped being, or even wanting to be, “guardians of culture” a long time ago.
  • In other words, the “mentors” have not only betrayed their pupils, they have denounced the very idea of mentorship in anything but the tools of deconstruction which allow them to set themselves up as superior to—rather than the humble acolytes of—the culture they study.
  • redefining education as the acquisition of information-retrieval skills
  • No one has ever taught them that books can be read for pleasure or enlightenment—or for any other purpose than to be exposed as the coded rationalization for the illegitimate powers of the ruling classes that they really are
  • But while Bauerlein takes Johnson to task on several points, he seems to suggest that all our educators have to do is expose their charges to some superior alternative to “the ordinary stuff of youth culture”
  • “Young people,” he rightly notes, “need mentors not to go with the youth flow, but to stand staunchly against it, to represent something smarter and finer than the cacophony of social life.” He’s also right that they need more time away from the computer in order to acquire the skills of “deep reading” recommended by Nicholas Carr.
  • But they are not likely to get either one so long as so many educators cling as they do now to the axiomatic belief not just that “learning can be fun” but that it must be fun, and the equally axiomatic rejection of that which may cause pain and humiliation, even if these are productive of real learning
    • Kevin Champion
      Kevin Champion on 04 Jan 09
       
      Well, learning certainly is fun! The process of learning can often times be difficult, terrifying, exciting, depressing, saddening etc. What's interesting is that there is no mention of relevance here. Learning is not always fun, but I think it is always fun when it is relevant. It also seems that the subjective experience of learning only occurs when it is fun. It doesn't feel like learning to me unless it is relevant to me; if it is relevant to me, it is fun! By extension, perhaps we benefit from thinking about learning from both subjective and objective perspectives, including both singular and collective objects (learning of an individual subjectively and objectively + learning of a group subjectively and objectively).
Bill Genereux

Aude Oliva - 5 views

cvcl.mit.edu/gallery.html

photography hybrid-images memory psychology perception imagery images research

shared by Bill Genereux on 17 Oct 11 - No Cached
  • Bill Genereux on 17 Oct 11
     
    SUN Dataset
1 - 20 of 21 Next ›
Showing 20▼ items per page