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sonalmathur102

Islamic Dua / Amal to Get Married Soon - 0 views

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    Islamic dua/Amal to get married soon is a highly preferred service by astrologer. Dua is only the way which allows to communicate the god resolve the problems
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Babbling News: Coalition Attack Into Libya, Exacerbating the West with Islamic Relations - 0 views

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    Attack coalition forces led by the United States (U.S.) back to Libya will worsen the relationship between Islam and the West. It is not possible terrorist action will bring up the attack Western interests in various countries.
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Un peu comme si un Européen tentait, en un livre, de dresser le tableau de la pensée occidentale depuis l'Iliade et la Bible ! Autant le dire d'emblée : le travail de Dominique Urvoy est inaccessib...

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Retrogression situation in Afghanistan - 0 views

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    The Taliban were founded in 1994 in order to impose a puritanical Islamic order on Afghanistan. A 2018 estimate by Afghan and U.S. officials gauged that the Taliban included at least 60,000 fighters. These numbers have allowed the Taliban to remain a credible fighting force with the ability to win and hold territory.
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Dans les handicaps, d'autant (...)Rio (Brésil)D'un de nos envoyés spéciaux LUTTE LIBRE.Zelimkhan Khadjiev ne sait pas encore s'il entendra « la Marseillaise » résonner sous le ciel de Rio. Mais mêm...

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started by stlwdwl1 on 19 Aug 16 no follow-up yet
descendants1 descendants1

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Lafarge mise sur le lancement de cette cimenterie à la mi-2015. Au début, le géant français compte lancer une seule ligne de production d'une capacité de 2,7 tonnes par an. Mais à terme, il table s...

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started by descendants1 descendants1 on 18 Mar 14 no follow-up yet
Adam Bohannon

Social Capital in Virtual Learning Communities and Distributed Communities of Practice - 0 views

  • Researchers in the social sciences and humanities consider social ties to be a social resource. Such a resource is referred to as social capital.
  • Narayan and Pritchett (1997) suggested that communities with high social capital have frequent interaction, which in turn cultivates norms of reciprocity through which learners become more willing to help one another, and which improve coordination and dissemination of information and knowledge sharing. Social capital has been used as a framework for understanding a wide range of social issues in temporal communities. It has been used for the investigation of issues such as trust, participation, and cooperation.
  • In one of the earliest definitions of social capital, Hanifan (1916) stated that social capital included "those intangible substances [that] count for most in the daily lives of people - namely goodwill, fellowship, sympathy and social intercourse among the individuals and families who make up a social unit." Many years later, Coleman (1988) followed a similar line of thinking when he suggested that social capital refers to supportive relationships among adults and children that promote the sharing of norms and values.
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  • Woolcock (1998) argues that social capital `encompasses the norms and networks facilitating collective action for mutual benefit.'
  • Fountain (1998) defines social capital as the institutional effectiveness of inter-organizational relationships and cooperation—horizontally among similar firms in associations, vertically in supply chains, and multidirectional links to sources of technical knowledge, human resources, and public agencies.
  • Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) defined social capital as the sum of actual and potential resources embedded within, available through and derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit.
  • And Fukuyama (1999) included informal norms that promote cooperation between two or more individuals. The norms that constitute social capital can range from a norm of reciprocity between two friends, all the way up to complex and elaborately articulated doctrines like Christianity, Islamism or Confucianism. And so by definition, trust, networks, civil society, and the like which have been associated with social capital are all epiphenomenal, arising as a result of social capital but not constituting social capital itself.
  • A meta-societal definition of social capital was offered by the World Bank (1999), which referred to the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a society's social interactions. In this view, social capital is seen not merely as the sum of the institutions that underpin a society _ it is the glue that holds them together.
  • Cohen and Prusak (2001) extend Putnam's definition to define social capital as a stock of active connections among people, which covers the trust, mutual understanding, and shared values and behaviours that bind people as members of human networks and communities.
  • As a working definition, we define social capital in virtual learning communities as . common social resource that facilitates information exchange, knowledge sharing, and knowledge construction through continuous interaction, built on trust and maintained through shared understanding.
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    Social capital has recently emerged as an important interdisciplinary research area. It is frequently used as a framework for understanding various social issues in temporal communities, neighbourhoods and groups. In particular, researchers in the social sciences and the humanities have used social capital to understand trust, shared understanding, reciprocal relationships, social network structures, common norms and cooperation, and the roles these entities play in various aspects of temporal communities. Despite proliferation of research in this area, little work has been done to extend this effort to technology-driven learning communities (also known as virtual learning communities). This paper surveys key interdisciplinary research areas in social capital. It also explores how the notions of social capital and trust can be extended to virtual communities, including virtual learning communities and distributed communities of practice. Research issues surrounding social capital and trust as they relate to technology-driven learning communities are identified.
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pour se défendre et repousser l'envahisseur, c'est légitime ! » Le directeur de la madrasa, le cheikh Aman Ullah, affirme que le djihad est le devoir des musulmans mais il bafouille et s'agace quan...

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started by wswylbdc on 22 Nov 14 no follow-up yet
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Quant à l'ex-agent Mikhaïl Trepachkine, avocat des victimes, il croupit dans une prison sibérienne. « JE PARLE avec tout le monde », telle est la volonté affichée par Ségolène Royal au Liban. Hier ...

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Mardi, c'est l'épidémie de chikungunya, transmise par les moustiques sur l'île de la Réunion, qui a enflammé l'Assemblée nationale au point, fait rarissime, que la séance a dû être interrompue.Mais...

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Au lieu de crier à l'injustice, il se retire dans un monastère au coeur de la forêt.<p>Les Thaïlandais ont toujours eu un faible pour les victimes qui acceptent leur sort avec humilité. Dans ...

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started by masquebf on 24 Jul 14 no follow-up yet
descendants1 descendants1

Christian Louboutin Toe Escarpins En réponse - 0 views

Le Kremlin, chaud par l'aventure ukrainienne, s'tait gard de se mler des dbats internes. Le matre de la vieille forteresse russe a cependant apprci, en connaisseur, la faon dont Ilham Aliev s'est s...

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La faute de l'exil des chercheurs reviendrait au « manque d'attraction de la fonction recherche à cause du mandarinat français et l'absence de politique de recherche », juge Jacky Chatelain. « Il n...

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Un des rares Occidentaux sur place, à Mogadiscio, a pu observer l'évolution de la situation : «Les cinémas ont fermé. La musique est interdite ainsi que les danses pendant les mariages. Les barbes ...

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Le scrutin a été marqué par une faible participation de 41,18% en baisse par rapport à 2010 (44,47%).Barack Obama a promis de "traquer les terroristes" où qu'ils soient et de vaincre le groupe Etat...

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Le scrutin a été marqué par une faible participation de 41,18% en baisse par rapport à 2010 (44,47%).Barack Obama a promis de "traquer les terroristes" où qu'ils soient et de vaincre le groupe Etat...

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started by masquebf1 on 10 Dec 15 no follow-up yet
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Le scrutin a été marqué par une faible participation de 41,18% en baisse par rapport à 2010 (44,47%).Barack Obama a promis de "traquer les terroristes" où qu'ils soient et de vaincre le groupe Etat...

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started by masquebf1 on 10 Dec 15 no follow-up yet
stlwdwl1

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Le scrutin a été marqué par une faible participation de 41,18% en baisse par rapport à 2010 (44,47%).Barack Obama a promis de "traquer les terroristes" où qu'ils soient et de vaincre le groupe Etat...

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started by stlwdwl1 on 10 Dec 15 no follow-up yet
qfqxbyf1

survetement ralph lauren pas cher homme Obama - 0 views

Le scrutin a été marqué par une faible participation de 41,18% en baisse par rapport à 2010 (44,47%).Barack Obama a promis de "traquer les terroristes" où qu'ils soient et de vaincre le groupe Etat...

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