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Last week I decided to challenge Scala's downscalability by trying to replace a Groovy script with a Scala pendant. In this article you will read about this little experiment and a comparision of the Scala result with the Groovy predecessor. But first some background about the script: Some time ago my company introduced a new spam notification system.  When it thinks that a mail contains spam, it keeps it in quarantine and once or twice a day sends an email to the recipient (me) reporting all the kept mails, together with an intranet web link for each  to release it. Here you see an example of such a mail (note: I have my mails displayed in plain text format):

"MVEL is a powerful expression language for Java-based applications. It provides a plethora of features and is suited for everything from the smallest property binding and extraction, to full blown scripts. For more information, jump right to the Getting Started Guide."

JSP Tutorial - Javatpoint website provides you a complete JSP tutorial with practical programming examples and easy steps using this beginner's tutorial containing basic to advanced knowledge of Java JSP Technology including Form Data, HTTP Request Header, Response Header, Scripting elements, Directive elements, Custom tags, Cookies Handling and Session Tracking.

"The past year I've been learning a lot of Scala and I'm currently working on a new project using Scala. I use LiquiBase, which is a database-independent library for tracking, managing and applying database changes. I'm also using the simple-build-tool (SBT) for my project. So I've put together a little SBT plug-in for running LiquiBase maintenance commands (update, rollback, …) from within SBT. For example, whenever I want to apply new database changes with LiquiBase I can now simply run sbt liquibase-update which sets up a new instance of LiquiBase and executes the LiquiBase update command which migrates my database to the latest version. At the moment the plug-in supports the following commands: liquibase-update, liquibase-drop, liquibase-tag, liquibase-rollback and liquibase-validate. What are the benefits of using the plug-in and not just the LiquiBase CLI? * no download/install of LiquiBase * classpath handled by SBT * no need to provide a big list of parameters or writing shell scripts The plug-in is called liquibase-sbt-plugin and you can find it here on GitHub. Feel free to use it or fork it and suggest changes. I'm still relatively new to Scala and especially SBT so any remarks are very welcome."

I am working on a web site that will help students practice their Scala programming skills. As I labored along, writing my JSF app code, I thought "this is silly-why not practice Scala at the same time?" But I like JSF and wasn't ready to jump to Lift or Vaadin. With Eclipse, this isn't all that hard. Install the Java plugin. Make a dynamic web project in the usual way, using the Java EE perspective. Then, switch to the Scala perspective, right-click on the project, and, if all planets are aligned correctly, you will get a menu item "Add Scala nature". (If they are not, see here for a manual approach.) Add your managed beans as Scala classes. Finally, switch back to the Java EE perspective, select the project properties, and add the Scala library JAR as a Java EE module dependency. But I like NetBeans and wasn't ready to switch to Eclipse. (Unfortunately, JSF 2 support in Eclipse is pretty minimal, the Glassfish integration is a bit flaky, and the Scala plugin has very little usable code completion.) NetBeans doesn't let me add a "Scala nature" to a web project. If I add Scala files to the project, I can edit them with the Scala editor, but they just get copied to the WAR file, without any compilation. I had one look at the Ant scripts for a Scala and a web project and decided that I wasn't going to figure out how to merge them. This blog shows how you can use Maven to make a mixed Scala/Java project in NetBeans. So I gathered up JSF and Scala pom.xml files from here and here, cut out the considerable crud from the JSF POM file that was probably meant for supporting Tomcat, and merged the results to the best of my ability-see below. You use the usual Maven directory structure, but with a src/main/scala directory instead of src/main/java:

"Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools BIRT is an open source Eclipse-based reporting system that integrates with your Java/J2EE application to produce compelling reports. Get started with the newest major release, BIRT 2.6.1. Get started with the latest in the BIRT 2.5 series. Need help with BIRT? BIRT provides core reporting features such as report layout, data access and scripting. Please try BIRT and tell us what you think by filling bugs reports & enhancement requests through Bugzilla as explained on the community page. "

t just works - Migrate from any version (incl. an empty database) to the latest version of the schema Automatic migration on startup - Ship migrations together with the application and run them automatically on startup Convention Over Configuration - Classpath Scanning to automatically discover Sql and Java migrations Plain Old Sql - SQL scripts for regular migrations (incl. placeholder replacement). No proprietary XML formats, no lock-in. No limits - Java classes for advanced migrations Highly reliable - Safe for cluster environments (Multiple machines can migrate in parallel) Maven support - Maven plugin for migrating manually Fail fast - Inconsistent database or failed migration prevents app from starting. Schema Clean - Drop all tables, views, triggers, ... from a schema without dropping the schema itself

"A hub for integrating your enterprise with the rich information available on the Web, the WSO2 Mashup Server leverages popular Web 2.0 formats and protocols into your service platform. Combining simple yet rich mashups with reusability, security, reliability, and governance, the WSO2 Mashup Server includes features for connecting Web Services to humans through Web pages, gadgets, feeds, instant messages, email and more. The WSO2 Mashup Server offers: Go Cloud-Native WSO2 Mashups as a Service gives you instant self-service provisioning, multi-tenancy and has built-in monitoring and metering capabilities. Increase productivity Reduce cost Gain more control Avoid vendor lock-in The ideal platform for defining composite services for user interfaces and mobile applications. A simple way to deploy services developed in JavaScript. Access to REST and WS-* web services, feeds, and scraped web pages with data scripted together quickly using common Web developer skills, the result being a new service, or a web page, gadget, email or instant message. The ability to secure hosted Mashups. Support for both recurring and longer-running tasks and service lifecycles. Monitoring, configuration of security and quality of service settings such as throttling. With no up-front license agreements or subscription fees, getting started with the WSO2 Mashup Server requires less developer effort, ensuring faster ROI."

" Apache SlingTM is an innovative web framework that is intended to bring back the fun to web development. Discussions about Sling happen on our mailing lists, see the Project Information page for more info. Apache Sling in five bullets points REST based web framework Content-driven, using a JCR content repository Powered by OSGi Scripting inside, multiple languages (JSP, server-side javascript, Scala, etc.) Apache Open Source project"

"MultiTail lets you view one or multiple files like the original tail program. The difference is that it creates multiple windows on your console (with ncurses). It can also monitor wildcards: if another file matching the wildcard has a more recent modification date, it will automatically switch to that file. That way you can, for example, monitor a complete directory of files. Merging of 2 or even more logfiles is possible. It can also use colors while displaying the logfiles (through regular expressions), for faster recognition of what is important and what not. It can also filter lines (again with regular expressions). It has interactive menus for editing given regular expressions and deleting and adding windows. One can also have windows with the output of shell scripts and other software. When viewing the output of external software, MultiTail can mimic the functionality of tools like 'watch' and such."

"Apache Tuscany simplifies the task of developing SOA solutions by providing a comprehensive infrastructure for SOA development and management that is based on Service Component Architecture (SCA) standard. With SCA as it's foundation, Tuscany offers solution developers the following advantages: Provides a model for creating composite applications by defining the services in the fabric and their relationships with one another. The services can be implemented in any technology. Enables service developers to create reusable services that only contain business logic. Protocols are pushed out of business logic and are handled through pluggable bindings. This lowers development cost. Applications can easily adapt to infrastructure changes without recoding since protocols are handled via pluggable bindings and quality of services (transaction, security) are handled declaratively. Existing applications can work with new SCA compositions. This allows for incremental growth towards a more flexible architecture, outsourcing or providing services to others. In addition, Tuscany is integrated with various technologies and offers: a wide range of bindings (pluggable protocols) various component types including and not limited to Java, C++, BPEL, Spring and scripting an end to end service and data solution which includes support for Jaxb and SDO a lightweight runtime that works standalone or with other application servers a modular architecture that makes it easy to integrate with different technologies and to extend Integration with web20 technologies Apache Tuscany SCA is implemented in Java and C++ (referred to as Native)"

"Quercus is Caucho Technology's 100% Java implementation of PHP 5 released under the Open Source GPL license. Quercus comes with many PHP modules and extensions like PDF, PDO, MySQL, and JSON. Quercus allows for tight integration of Java services with PHP scripts, so using PHP with JMS or Grails is a quick and painless endeavor. With Quercus, PHP applications automatically take advantage of Java application server features just as connection pooling and clustered sessions. Quercus implements PHP 5 and a growing list of PHP extensions including APC, iconv, GD, gettext, JSON, MySQL, Oracle, PDF, and Postgres. Many popular PHP application will run as well as, if not better, than the standard PHP interpreter straight out of the box. The growing list of PHP software certified running on Quercus includes DokuWiki, Drupal, Gallery2, Joomla, Mambo, Mantis, MediaWiki, Phorum, phpBB, phpMyAdmin, PHP-Nuke, Wordpress and XOOPS. Quercus presents a new mixed Java/PHP approach to web applications and services where Java and PHP tightly integrate with each other. PHP applications can choose to use Java libraries and technologies like JMS, EJB, SOA frameworks, Hibernate, and Spring. This revolutionary capability is made possible because 1) PHP code is interpreted/compiled into Java and 2) Quercus and its libraries are written entirely in Java. This architecture allows PHP applications and Java libraries to talk directly with one another at the program level. To facilitate this new Java/PHP architecture, Quercus provides and API and interface to expose Java libraries to PHP. The Quercus .war file can be run on Java application servers such as Glassfish, i.e. it can be run outside of Resin. This .war file includes the Quercus interpreter and the PHP libraries."

"The PHP/Java Bridge is an implementation of a streaming, XML-based network protocol, which can be used to connect a native script engine, for example PHP, Scheme or Python, with a Java virtual machine. It is up to 50 times faster than local RPC via SOAP, requires less resources on the web-server side. It is faster and more reliable than direct communication via the Java Native Interface, and it requires no additional components to invoke Java procedures from PHP or PHP procedures from Java. "

"Clojure is a dynamic programming language that targets the Java Virtual Machine (and the CLR ). It is designed to be a general-purpose language, combining the approachability and interactive development of a scripting language with an efficient and robust infrastructure for multithreaded programming. Clojure is a compiled language - it compiles directly to JVM bytecode, yet remains completely dynamic. Every feature supported by Clojure is supported at runtime. Clojure provides easy access to the Java frameworks, with optional type hints and type inference, to ensure that calls to Java can avoid reflection. Clojure is a dialect of Lisp, and shares with Lisp the code-as-data philosophy and a powerful macro system. Clojure is predominantly a functional programming language, and features a rich set of immutable, persistent data structures. When mutable state is needed, Clojure offers a software transactional memory system and reactive Agent system that ensure clean, correct, multithreaded designs. I hope you find Clojure's combination of facilities elegant, powerful, practical and fun to use."

As we have learned in the cucumber testing, feature files are created with the executable test scripts. The language, in which these executable test scripts are written, is known as Gherkin language.

There was a recent outburst in blogs on the topic of Groovy and how it compares to Java. Although I respect the youthfull entusiasim of Groovy and Co. working on this little exercise I'm just perplexed by the "WHY?" in this whole discussion. Let me just say again: W H Y ?!?! 1. Practically no one cares about Groovy (let alone Groovy++ strap-on) beyond Grails community. So this language just as "widely accepted" as Ruby (at least for enterprise software development) 2. If you know Java it's equally "challenging" to pick up either Groovy or Scala. Don't let anyone insult your intelligence by claiming that Scala syntax is somehow more complex than Groovy. In both languages you will need to adapt to functional thinking - and that's where you will have to spend a couple of weekends… 3. If you know Groovy - you already know 90% of Scala (different syntax and few extra features can be picked up in the evening) 4. Scala is designed by people who have proper academic background, experience and talent in the area of language design - Groovy has never been that way (and anyone who dares to look inside of Groovy runtime or history of changes in it will attest to that). NOTE: it did come out rather strong - but that's how I feel about it and after some thinking I'll leave as is. Nothing personal to anyone reading it… 5. Scala as a post-functional language is years ahead of Groovy (static typing with best-in-business type inference, highly tuned mix of imperative and functional styles, powerful and done-right generics, etc.) 6. Groovy will ALWAYS be slower than Scala or Java (latest benchmarks put even Groovy++ about 50 times slower than Java) just by its nature unless someone changes the language and rebuilds the runtime from the ground up. 7. Once we get decent integration with Eclipse, NetBeans and IDEA for Scala, the Groovy will lose its only serious advantage

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