The study found that students who took all or part of their instruction online performed better, on average, than those taking the same course through face-to-face instruction
hose who took "blended" courses -- those that combine elements of online learning and face-to-face instruction -- appeared to do best of all
"Studies in which learners in the online condition spent more time on task than students in the face-to-face condition found a greater benefit for online learning,
For its conclusions, however, the Education Department considered only a small number (51) of independent studies that met strict criteria.
The use of video or online quizzes -- frequently encouraged for online education -- "does not appear to enhance learning,"
Using technology to give students "control of their interactions" has a positive effect on student learning, however. "Studies indicate that manipulations that trigger learner activity or learner reflection and self-monitoring of understanding are effective when students pursue online learning as individuals,"
But the positive results appeared consistent (and statistically significant) for all types of higher education, undergraduate and graduate,
In many of the studies showing an advantage for online learning, the online and classroom conditions differed in terms of time spent, curriculum and pedagogy. It was the combination of elements in the treatment conditions (which was likely to have included additional learning time and materials as well as additional opportunities for collaboration) that produced the observed learning advantages
Education Secretary Arne Duncan urged educators to consider the report's findings. “This new report reinforces that effective teachers need to incorporate digital content into everyday classes and consider open-source learning management systems, which have proven cost effective in school districts and colleges nationwide,”
"It gives people greater opportunity for flexibility, for experiential learning, for illustrating things in multiple ways such as visualization." What the study demonstrates, she said, is that colleges need to think broadly about using online education,
"This report correctly recognizes that online learning and blended learning are growing components of higher education and, employed properly, can play a significant role in promoting student learning.
These results demonstrate why more research is needed
Successful education has always been about engaging students whether it is in an online environment, face to face or in a blended setting. And fundamental to that is having faculty who are fully supported and engaged in that process as well."