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It was the annual crunch time between Thanksgiving and the new year, and Nuala O'Connor Kelly had just sent to the printer the first-ever report to Congress by a chief privacy officer. This was it, the historic reporta 40-page description of what O'Connor Kelly had been doing during her first year as the first CPO of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Like addressing concerns about DHS's policies with privacy officers from other countries. Examining the department's growing use of biometrics. And reading irate e-mails from the public about controversial initiatives like the Transportation Security Administration's passenger screening program. If O'Connor Kelly was nervous about the grilling she was likely to get once members of Congress got their mitts on her report, she wasn't letting on. "It's actually a great moment for the [privacy] office to sit back and take stock of where we are now and where we're going for the next two, three, four, five years," says O'Connor Kelly, dashing from one meeting to the next with one of her staff members. At the time, O'Connor Kelly was the only federal government CPO whose position was mandated by law and who was required to file an annual report to Congress. But this seemed on the brink of change. Congress's consolidated 2005 appropriations bill, signed by President Bush in December, contains a provision thatdepending on how the White House's Office of Management and Budget interprets itwould create a handful or more of CPOs at federal agencies.

Outgoing CPO of the Department of Homeland Security Hugo Teufel discusses his team's accomplishments and the challenges ahead for his successor. If you had a chance to pose any question to the person in charge of protecting Americans' privacy as the U.S. Department of Homeland Security executes its mission, what would you say? I had that chance this month when Hugo Teufel, departing chief privacy officer at the DHS, delivered an address, entitled "Reflections on My Time as DHS CPO of the War on Terror," to the Twin Cities Privacy Retreat. After the address, I cornered Teufel for some follow-up questions. Those and his answers follow.