This article highlights the shift from traditional teaching, termed transmission, to 21st century inquiry-based teaching, termed transformation. The digital age has changed the learner and if formal education is to remain relevant, the approach must also change. If students are to be equipped to solve the complex problems of society, the foundation of their learning must be critical inquiry which encourages critical thought. The article outlines the tools needed for inquiry-based learning, valid assessment and how it is more than having the students 'think outside the box'. It is a thorough overview of inquiry-based learning and what it can look like in a modern classroom.