The right response to this sort of pain is not pleasure. It's holiness. I don't even mean that in a purely religious sense. It means seeing life as a moral drama, placing the hard experiences in a moral context and trying to redeem something bad by turning it into something sacred. Parents who've lost a child start foundations. Lincoln sacrificed himself for the Union. Prisoners in the concentration camp with psychologist Viktor Frankl rededicated themselves to living up to the hopes and expectations of their loved ones, even though those loved ones might themselves already be dead.

On Wall Street, as in some other areas of the modern economy that I could mention, this attitude leads to a culture of knowingness. People learn to bluff their way through, day to day. Executives don't really understand the complex things going on in their own companies. Traders don't understand how their technological tools really work. Programmers may know their little piece of code, but they don't have a broader knowledge of what their work is being used for. These people are content to possess information, but they don't seek knowledge. Information is what you need to make money short term. Knowledge is the deeper understanding of how things work. It's obtained only by long and inefficient study. It's gained by those who set aside the profit motive and instead possess an intrinsic desire just to know.

We need to move away from discussing teaching and focus our efforts on learning. In today's guest blog, Professor John Hattie provides the 7 mind frames that will help us do that.