In which John Green teaches you about the Mexican-American War in the late 1840s, and the expansion of the United States into the western end of North America. In this episode of Crash Course, US territory finally reaches from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific Ocean. After Oregon was secured from the UK and the southwest was ceded by Mexico, that is. Famous Americans abound in this episode, including James K Polk (Young Hickory, Napoleon of the Stump), Martin Van Buren, Zachary Taylor, and Winfield Scott. You'll also learn about the California Gold Rush of 1848, and California's admission as a state, which necessitated the Compromise of 1850. Once more slavery is a crucial issue. Something is going to have to be done about slavery, I think. Maybe it will come to a head next week.
Kim and Sal talk about increased tensions between slave and free states as new territory is added after Mexican-American War and from Compromise of 1850 (especially the Fugitive Slave Act).
"A Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico
In 1519 Hernan Cortés sailed from Cuba, landed in
Mexico and made his way to the Aztec capital. Miguel LeonPortilla, a
Mexican anthropologist, gathered accounts by the Aztecs, some of which were
written shortly after the conquest.
Speeches of Motecuhzoma and
Cortés
When Motecuhzoma [Montezuma] had given necklaces to each one,
Cortés asked him: "Are you Motecuhzoma? Are you the king? Is it true that you
are the king Motecuhzoma?"
And the king said: "Yes, I am Motecuhzoma." Then
he stood up to welcome Cortés; he came forward, bowed his head low and addressed
him in these words: "Our lord, you are weary. The journey has tired you, but now
you have arrived on the earth. You have come to your city, Mexico. You have come
here to sit on your throne, to sit under its canopy.
"The kings who have gone
before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved it for your coming. The
kings Itzcoatl, Motecuhzoma the Elder, Axayacatl, Tizoc and Ahuitzol ruled for
you in the City of Mexico. The people were protected by their swords and
sheltered by their shields.
"Do the kings know the destiny of those they left
behind, their posterity? If only they are watching! If only they can see what I
see!
"No, it is not a dream. I am not walking in my sleep. I am not seeing
you in my dreams.... I have seen you at last! I have met you face to face! I was
in agony for five days, for ten days, with my eyes fixed on the Region of the
Mystery. And now you have come out of the clouds and mists to sit on your throne
again.
"This was foretold by the kings who governed your city, and now it
has taken place. You have come back to us; you have come down from the sky. Rest
now, and take possession of your royal houses. Welcome to your land, my lords!
"
When Motecuhzoma had finished, La Malinche translated his address into
Spanish so that the Captain could understand it. Cortés replied in his str