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DWRF Sponsored Event: Your Drinking Water: 21st Century Challenges and Solutions
A symposium hosted by Yale University at Yale University New Haven, CT.
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DWRF Casino Night Fundraiser
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Drinking Water Research Foundation Provides education to the public regarding Drinking water facts, drinking water quality, Water crisis facts, Tap water facts, Facts About Water etc. Drinking Water Research Foundation remains dedicated to the continuous development of scientific research in areas of interest to consumers and the drinking water industry, including facts on water, bottled water facts, tap water facts and filtered water.
The present study evaluated, using a well-controlled dehydration protocol, the effects of 24 h fluid deprivation (FD) on selected mood and
physiological parameters. In the present cross-over study, twenty healthy women (age 25 (SE 0·78) years) participated in two randomised
sessions: FD-induced dehydration v. a fully hydrated control condition. In the FD period, the last water intake was between 18.00 and 19.00
hours and no beverages were allowed until 18.00 hours on the next day (23-24 h). Water intake was only permitted at fixed periods during
the control condition. Physiological parameters in the urine, blood and saliva (osmolality) as well as mood and sensations (headache and
thirst) were compared across the experimental conditions. Safety was monitored throughout the study. The FD protocol was effective as
indicated by a significant reduction in urine output. No clinical abnormalities of biological parameters or vital signs were observed,
although heart rate was increased by FD. Increased urine specific gravity, darker urine colour and increased thirst were early markers
of dehydration. Interestingly, dehydration also induced a significant increase in saliva osmolality at the end of the 24 h FD period but
plasma osmolality remained unchanged. The significant effects of FD on mood included decreased alertness and increased sleepiness, fatigue
and confusion. The most consistent effects of mild dehydration on mood are on sleep/wake parameters. Urine specific gravity appears to
be the best physiological measure of hydration status in subjects with a normal level of activity; saliva osmolality is another reliable and noninvasive
method for assessing hydration status.
Here's what you need to know about how the public health crisis has evolved:
1. When did the water become contaminated?
Flint's drinking water became contaminated with lead in April 2014 while the city was under the control of a state-appointed emergency manager.