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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart condition in which there is an opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. The ductus arteriosus is a small connection in the fetal heart helps oxygen rich blood to by-pass the immature baby's lungs and flow into the body.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of blood vessels supplying the lungs (pulmonary artery) due to blood clot. These blood clots arise from deep veins of lower leg or thigh or arm (Deep vein thrombosis aka DVT). This leads to decreased blood flow to the lungs, decreased oxygen levels that can potentially be dangerous and life-threatening.