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Title:Learning from inside the womb: how babies acquire skills before birth. Author:Annie Paul Date Published:7/29/2011 Why Relevant and Summary:It tells you all about how in the second trimester an infant can hear and recognize sounds. How This Influenced My Thinking:It has made me more aware of how learning is very important even before birth. Credibility of Source:High

Title: Faith's Story: In Utero Fetal Surgery for Repair of Spina Bifida Author: No author, video Date uploaded: 2012 Why relevant: Further expounds on the class discussion that we had about surgery in utero to repair spina bifida. Is an interesting video talking, there isn't a great deal of technical information, but it is still pretty good How this influenced my thinking: It made me think more about the development process that a fetus goes through and to think about how important is is to be healthy while pregnant. Even though the causes of spina bifida are unknown, it is still good maintain a healthy lifestyle. Credibility of source: There isn't much technical information, it is more the story of a couple who had surgery in utero to try and correct birth defects

Title: Annie Murphy Paul: What we learn before we're born Author: Annie Murphy Paul. Date Published: 2011 Why Relevant and Summary: The journalist and mother expounds upon the different research and studies that give insight into what a fetus experiences and learns in-utero. How This Influenced My Thinking: The last part of this talk discusses the "Hunger Winter" study and how prenatal exposure to famine effected health in adult life, and how 9/11 fetuses of mother who experienced the trauma, had babies with greater susceptibility to PTSD. Credibility of Source: Highly credible with verifiable references

Title: Annie Murphy Paul: What we learn before we're born Author: Annie Murphy Paul. Date Published: Nov. 2011 Why Relevant and Summary: As a science reporter and mother Paul combined her experience as a pregnant woman with her love of research to write about what a fetus is learning in the womb and what a mother teaches through their shared experience. How This Influenced My Thinking: there was a lot of interesting and pertinent information shared within this video. The shared experiences of a mother are vast. A fetus learns from a mother's voice, food preferences, language and culture to environmental events such as famine, war, fear and stress.

Title: From Conception to Birth: A Life Unfolds Authors: Alexander Tsiaras and Barry Werth Date Published: Book - 2002, TED talk video - Nov. 14, 2011 Why Relevant and Summary: This amazing book offers beautiful photographic high magnetic resonance scans of a baby from conception through birth. This book begins with the anatomy of the egg and sperm, and the cell division that occurs just after conception. Starting with the first few hours, then moving into the first several days, and finally presenting images of the growing fetus week-by-week, this is an absolutely fascinating book. NOTE: I own a copy and am willing to bring to class if anyone is interested. How this influenced my thinking: Every time I look through this book, I am fascinated and truly moved by the miracle that is the creation and development of us! Credibility of Source: The author, Alexander Tsiaras, is responsible for remarkable achievements in medical imaging technology. Barry Werth is a renowned U.S. science writer. The YouTube video is Alexander Tsiaras presenting on his medical imaging technology as applied in the book. He shows a clip of video as well. Relevant portion starts at 1:40. YouTube url: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKyljukBE70

Title: Bring up BABIES: Director Thomas Balmes and producer Alain Chabat talk Author: Nick Dawsom Date published: March 16, 2010 (movie BABIES released May 7, 2010) Why Relevant and Summary: This beautiful film is relevant to the development of children globally in that it artistically represents the similarity and differences in the first year of life. Four children are followed from birth to their first birthday: Ponijao in Opuwo, Nambia, Mari in Tokyo, Japan, Bagar in Bayanchandmani, Mongolia, and Hattie in San Francisco, California. Some is a challenge to watch, as for us some of the parenting habits are unfamiliar to our culture, while many moments are funny and beautiful. I encourage you to watch the movie, and have linked specifically to this article so that you can also read about the director and producers' thoughts on the film. Credibility of source: Very credible.

Title:Environmental Causes of Human Congenital Malformations: The Pediatrician's Role in Dealing With These Complex Clinical Problems Caused by a Multiplicity of Environmental and Genetic Factors Author:Robert L. Brent Date Published:April 1, 2004 Why Relevant and Summary: Contains information on teratogens from various kinds to what malformations they can cause in the body. This article starts off by describing the criteria to be classified as a teratogen. There are three categories of congenital malformations: unknown, genetic, and environmental. The severity of effects of teratogen are determined by time of exposure and amount of exposure or threshold dose. How This Influenced My Thinking: There are specific criteria in order to be classified as caused by teratogen. Credibility of Source: The source is highly credible. It comes from the Journal of American Academy of Pediatrics.

Title:Babies Listen and Learn While in the Womb Author:Denise Mann Date Published:Jan. 3, 2013 Why Relevant and Summary:It discusses learning in the womb. Babies begin to absorb language within the womb in the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. In a study, infants only hours old sucked on a pascifier more often when they heard vowels sounds in their native language than when hearing vowel sound in a foreign language. The mother's body amplifies her voice so the baby cannot hear dad's voice. How This Influenced My Thinking:I never knew that a newborn could differentiate between a mother's voice. When I have kids, I will definitely be talking to them the last weeks of pregnancy. Credibility of Source:Veyr credible since it came from WebMD

Title: Texas Mom Delivers Two Sets of Identical Twins Author:Katie Moisse Date: 2-18-2013 Why relevant to summary: This is a story of a woman giving birth to two sets of identical twin boys. It is a very rare occurrence and it mostly happen if IVF is involved; in this particular case was all natural. The pregnancy and delivery had no complications and the 4 baby boys were delivered at 31 weeks via c-section. How has this influenced my thinking: This was a good happy story that it doesn't happen very often.

Title:Pregnancy, Birth, and Medicine Author: Rebecca Kukla, Catherine Wayne Date:February 17, 2011 Why Relevant to Summary: This is relevant to my summary because it talks about the ways of birth as well as pregnancy per and postnatal and it talks about medicine which ones are good and which ones are not. How this Influenced My Thinking: This made me realize that there is more about being pregnant and giving birth than just flowers and chocolates. It made me realize that I still have a lot to learn: credibility:it from the encyclopedia of philosophy in Standford University.

Title: Fetal response to induced maternal stress. Author: DiPietro JA, Costigan KA, Gurewitsch ED. Date Published: Nov. 2003 Why Relevant and Summary: This study and other publications by DiPietro show an amazing knowledge of fetal development and the stress reaction from the fetus when mom is stressed. DiPietro also has done work with mother and the fetus bonding during pregnancy. How This Influenced My Thinking: I have 3 kids so nothing he said actually surprised me. Credibility of Source: Very Credible

Title: Breastfeeding Author: Doug Cope Date Published: 1/19/2013 Why Relevant and Summary: Great one minute talk about the benefits of breastfeeding, and alternative options. In a study from the Center for Disease and Control, 1,500 women were surveyed their plans for exclusive breastfeeding after birth of their incoming child, 85% of the women stated they planned to exclusively breastfeed, while only 32% of those moms actually were able to after birth, "..and that just shows that we're not supporting mothers to be able to feed their babies in ways they'd like". American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization recommend that women breastfeed exclusively for the first six months of babies lives due to the health benefits. Infants that are breastfed have reduced risk of ear infections, gastrointestinal infections, diabetes and sudden infant death syndrome. Mothers who breastfeed have reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer. In order to improve the breastfeeding rate, it is important that in the first days of an infant's life s/he can stay with their mother for the first 24 hours of life in the hospital to receive exclusively breast milk. How This Influenced My Thinking: I learned about the benefits of breastfeeding, and the large impact it has on babies' development. Credibility of Source: Very credible.