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Radiation sickness Symptoms - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20022901 Exposure
shared by laurenh468 on 04 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • The severity of signs and symptoms of radiation sickness depends on how much radiation you've absorbed. How much you absorb depends on the strength of the radiated energy and the distance between you and the source of radiation.
  • The absorbed dose of radiation is measured in a unit called a gray (Gy). Diagnostic tests that use radiation, such as an X-ray, result in a small dose of radiation — typically well below 0.1 Gy, focused on a few organs or small amount of tissue. Signs and symptoms of radiation sickness usually appear when the entire body receives an absorbed dose of at least 1 Gy. Doses greater than 6 Gy to the whole body are generally not treatable and usually lead to death within two days to two weeks, depending on the dose and duration of the exposure.
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What Is a Nuclear Heart Scan? - NHLBI, NIH - 0 views

www.nhlbi.nih.gov/...nscan Nuclear Ventriculography
shared by kateireland on 04 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • a safe, radioactive substance called a tracer is injected into your bloodstream through a vein
  • travels to your heart and releases energy
  • cameras outside of your body detect the energy and use it to create pictures of your heart.
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  • check how blood is flowing to the heart muscle
  • look for damaged heart muscle.
  • how well your heart pumps blood to your body
  • If you can't exercise, you might be given medicine to increase your heart rate. This is called a pharmacological (FAR-ma-ko-LOJ-ih-kal) stress test.
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Cellular Phones - 0 views

www.cancer.org/...cellular-phones Exposure
shared by laurenh468 on 04 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • As noted above, the RF waves given off by cell phones don't have enough energy to damage DNA directly or to heat body tissues. Because of this, many scientists believe that cell phones aren't able to cause cancer. Most studies done in the lab have supported this theory, finding that RF waves do not cause DNA damage.
  • Some scientists have reported that the RF waves from cell phones produce effects in human cells (in lab dishes) that might possibly help tumors grow. However, several studies in rats and mice have looked at whether RF energy might promote the development of tumors caused by other known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents). These studies did not find evidence of tumor promotion.
  • Cell phones work by sending signals to (and receiving them from) nearby cell towers (base stations) using RF waves. This is a form of electromagnetic energy that falls between FM radio waves and microwaves. Like FM radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and heat, RF waves are a form of non-ionizing radiation. They don't have enough energy to cause cancer by directly damaging the DNA inside cells. RF waves are different from stronger (ionizing) types of radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet (UV) light, which can break the chemical bonds in DNA. At very high levels, RF waves can heat up body tissues. (This is the basis for how microwave ovens work.) But the levels of energy given off by cell phones are much lower, and are not enough to raise temperatures in the body.
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  • According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates the safety of radiation-emitting devices such as cell phones in the United States: "The majority of studies published have failed to show an association between exposure to radiofrequency from a cell phone and health problems."
  • According to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC): "There is no scientific evidence that proves that wireless phone usage can lead to cancer or a variety of other problems, including headaches, dizziness or memory loss. However, organizations in the United States and overseas are sponsoring research and investigating claims of possible health effects related to the use of wireless telephones." According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): "Some… studies have suggested the possibility that long-term, high cell phone use may be linked to certain types of brain cancer. These studies do not establish this link definitively. Scientists will need to conduct more studies to learn more about this possible risk."  According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), which is currently conducting studies of the possible health effects of cell phones: "The weight of the current scientific evidence has not conclusively linked cell phones with any adverse health problems, but more research is needed." According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI): "Studies thus far have not shown a consistent link between cell phone use and cancers of the brain, nerves, or other tissues of the head or neck. More research is needed because cell phone technology and how people use cell phones have been changing rapidly."
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Radiation Therapy for Cancer - National Cancer Institute - 0 views

www.cancer.gov/...radiation radiation Medicine
shared by gabb_03 on 04 Jun 14 - Cached
  • gabb_03 on 04 Jun 14
     
    What is radiation therapy
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Understanding Radon - Home Inspections by The Fulmer Group - 0 views

www.fulmerhomeinspections.com/understanding-radon.html Exposure
shared by laurenh468 on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • A Radon professional can evaluate your home and install a radon mitigation system. 
  • Radon is measured in terms of picocuries per liter of air (pCi/L). The estimated average radon level for indoor air is 1.3 pCi/L and 0.4 pCi/L for outdoor air.The current EPA guideline is to have the indoor air measure lower than 4 pCi/L.
  • Radon is generally tested by means of a radon monitor placed in the lowest livable level of the house, generally the basement.
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Nuclear Ventriculography: Purpose, Procedure & Risks - 1 views

www.healthline.com/...nuclear-ventriculography Nuclear Ventriculogy
shared by ferriska2015 on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • You will be asked to walk or run on a treadmill until a target heart rate has been reached.
  • sive test with very low risk. The test exposes you to a small amount of radiation from th
  • lower dose of radiation than an occurs from an X-ray
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  • noninvasive test with very low risk
  • electrocardiogram
  • (ECG), a test that detects electrical activity in the heart
  • different intervals in the heart’s cycle
  • an (MUGA) or radionuclide ventriculography (RNV).
  • , which shows the strength of the heart’s contraction
  • determine the location of a pumping problem in your heart chambers.
  • gain information about or diagnose other conditions.
  • avoid caffeine for 48 hours before the test.
  • The nuclear substance used during the test may be passed to the fetus or excreted in breast milk.
  • metal plate or screw in your body, inform your doctor and the technician.
  • remove all metal from your body
  • hospital gown so the technican has access to your ches
  • metal plate or screw in your body
  • It is normal to feel flushed or chilled as the radioactive tracer makes its way into your body
  • The technician will apply electrodes to different areas on your chest for the electrocardiogram.
  • special type of camera and begin taking pictures.
  • change positions in order to get certain images
  • exercise stress test in
  • heart performs during activity
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Everyday Exposure - 0 views

people.chem.duke.edu/...exposure.html Exposure
shared by laurenh468 on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Radioactive elements found in rock, soil, water, air, and in food from the earth make there way in our bodies when we drink water, breath air or eat foods which contain them. These naturally occurring radioisotopes such as carbon-14, potassium-40, thorium-223, uranium-238, polonium-218, and tritium(hydrogen-3) expose us to radiation from within our bodies.
  • Radioactivity in nature comes from two main sources, terrestrial and cosmic. Terrestrial radioisotopes are found on the earth that came into existence with the creation of the planet.
  • Terrestrial
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  • . In areas where surface rocks contain a high concentration of uranium, radon gas could enter a home through a crack in the foundation. A concern for homeowners is the possibility that radon gas could accumulate to dangerous levels. This is especially a problem during the winter months when windows and doors are tightly shut.
  • interaction of cosmic rays with the earth's upper atmophere. Cosmic rays permeate all of space and are composed of highly energized, positively charged particles as well as high energy photons.
  • Approaching the earth at near the speed of light, most cosmic rays are blocked by the earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic field. As a byproduct of the interaction between cosmic rays (i.e. particles) and the atmosphere, many radioactive isotopes are formed such as carbon-14.
  • Cosmic rays are also composed of high energy photons, and not all are prevented from reaching the earth's surface. It makes sense that the higher you are in altitude, the more you are exposed to cosmic radiation. In fact, the average amount of exposure to cosmic radiation that a person gets in the Unites States roughly doubles for every 6,000 foot increase in elevation.
  • lying can indeed add a few extra units of exposure to one's daily exposure. Of course, the amount of extra exposure you get depends on how high the plane flies and how long you are in the air.
  • Think about this : Estimate how much cosmic radiation that astronauts are exposed to during their flights. Recall that astronauts fly at heights of about 160 miles
  • The human production of tobacco products introduces another way for us to get exposure to radiation. Smokers recieve a dose of radiation from polonium-210 which is naturally present in tobacco. Smokers also recieve an additional dose of radiation from the decay product of radon gas, polonium-218. Polonium-218 clings to aerosols such as tobacco smoke, and eventually winds up in the lungs. Once in the lungs, polonium decays by alpha particle emission and in the process may damage cells.
  • For examples, the bricks, stones, cements and drywalls that we use for the building of our homes, schools, offices frequently contain uranium ores and are thus sources of radon.
  • This exposure results from the attempt to diagnose fractures or cavities using x-rays, or to diagnose or treat cancer using injected radioisotopes. Patients are exposed to nuclear radiation in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Additionally, radiologists routinely use radioisotopes of technetium or thorium to diagnose heart disease.
  • These higher risk occupations include underground miners, radiologists, medical technologists, nuclear plant operators, research scientists and pilots.
  • Any amount of radiation can be dangerous because of the potential effect that it has on living cells. Radiation can disrupt normal chemical processes of the cells, causing them to grow abnormally or to die. Cells that are altered by the radiation may go on to produce more abnormal cells - a process that could eventually lead to cancer. At low doses, such as have been described here, cells are able to repair any damage rapidly. Any cells that die due to exposure can be replaced by the body. If one receives a very high dose, unlike any exposure mentioned here, the cells may not be able to be replaced fast enough and tissues or organs may fail to function properly.
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Radioactive Waste Disposal: An Environmental Perspective | Radiation Protection | US EPA - 0 views

www.epa.gov/...radwaste environmental
shared by erlaskaris on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
    • erlaskaris
      erlaskaris on 03 Jun 14
       
      Introduction to the Nuclear Waste topic
  • Any activity that produces or uses radioactive materials generates radioactive waste. Mining, nuclear power generation, and various processes in industry, defense, medicine, and scientific research produce byproducts that include radioactive waste
  • Radioactive waste can be in gas, liquid or solid form, and its level of radioactivity can vary. The waste can remain radioactive for a few hours or several months or even hundreds of thousands of years.
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  • Designs for new disposal facilities and disposal methods must meet environmental protection and pollution prevention standards that are more strict than were foreseen at the beginning of the atomic age.
  • Disposal of radioactive waste is a complex issue, not only because of the nature of the waste, but also because of the complicated regulatory structure for dealing with radioactive waste.
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Environmental Impacts of Nuclear Proliferation: Remediation of Waste - 0 views

sitemaker.umich.edu/...remediation_of_waste environmental
shared by erlaskaris on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
    • erlaskaris
      erlaskaris on 03 Jun 14
       
      This website will be good to add as a non-biased source of information. These are the cold hard facts. This site is mostly touching upon the different ways of clean-up that are available to us, whether they be mediocre or extremely expensive. 
  • It has been noted that during the Cold War, "the Department of Energy paid scant attention to the environmental consequences of its actions," making current efforts to clean nuclear sites even more challenging (Probst 1998
  • For example, Uranium 235 has a half-life of 703,800,000 years. The half-life is the number of years required for any amount of uranium 235 to decompose by half (Probst 1998).  Typically these elements will remain hazardous for ten times their half lives;
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  • There is no real way of disposing of the waste, the only option is effectively manage the waste for the thousands of years until it decays completely.  These contaminents can easily travel throughout different ecological systems and negatively affect humans (Radioactive Waste Management 2003
  • This issue of the longevity of nuclear waste is a major problem facing the United States because of the large number of nuclear waste facilities
  • The primary obstacle in disposing of nuclear waste and cleaning nuclear development facilities is the duration of halflives of the elements that compose nuclear waste.
  • extensive groundwater contamination, extensive soil contamination, buried soil or water containing harmful material or waste, and underground disposal facilities storing large volumes of hazardous, radioactive waste (Probst 1998). 
  • Cleaning these sites has proven to be costly, time consuming, and dangerous for the human workers involved.
  • Aside from the facilities already mentioned, there are an estimated "10,000 contaminant release sites" also requiring cleanup
  • The methods used to clean contaminated soil include washing, extraction and incineration. 
  • Water remediation is particularly important because contaminated water can travel quickly and pollute many potable water sources.  Cleaning up water is often expensive, difficult and dangerous, but necessary to preserve public health.
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Nuclear ventriculography: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia - 1 views

www.nlm.nih.gov/...003822.htm Nuclear Ventriculogy
shared by ferriska2015 on 03 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • radioactive materials called tracers to show the heart chambers.
  • The instruments do not directly touch the heart.
  • resting.
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  • technetium into your vein
  • substance attaches to red blood cells and passes through the heart.
  • Special cameras or scanners trace the substance as it moves through the heart area. The red blood cells inside the heart that carry the radioactive material form an image that the camera sees. The camera is synchronized with an electrocardiogram. Using computer software, the images are made to appear as if the heart is moving.
  • The test will show how well the blood is pumping through different parts of the heart.
  • The test also can check the motion of different parts of the heart. If one part of the heart is moving poorly while the others move well, it may mean that there has been damage to that part of the heart, possibly from a blockage in the artery that delivers blood to that area.
  • Blockages in the coronary arteries (coronary artery disease)Heart valve diseaseOther cardiac disorders that weaken the heart Past heart attack (myocardial infarction)Poor pumping function
  • Atrial septal defectDilated cardiomyopathyHeart failureIdiopathic cardiomyopathyPeripartum cardiomyopathySenile cardiac amyloidTesting whether a medicine has affected heart function
  • small amount of radiation.
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Nuclear Energy Institute - U.S. Nuclear Power Plants - 0 views

www.nei.org/...US-Nuclear-Power-Plants Energy PowerPlants
shared by Chelsea Turley on 24 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Chelsea Turley on 24 Apr 14
     
    General U.S. Nuclear Info U.S. electricity from nuclear energy in 2012: 19.0 percent, with 769.3 billion kilowatt-hours generated. Number of states with operating reactors: 31, including seven states where nuclear makes up the largest percentage of the electricity generated. Nuclear industry capacity factor (2012): 86 percent. Average refueling outage duration (2012): 46 days.
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Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging - Stanford University School of Medicine - 0 views

nuclearmedicine.stanford.edu Medicine
shared by Chelsea Turley on 24 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Chelsea Turley on 24 Apr 14
     
    Nuclear medicine involves the use of small amounts of radioactive materials (or tracers) to help diagnose and treat a variety of diseases. Nuclear medicine determines the cause of the medical problem based on the function of the organ, tissue or bone.
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Nuclear-Powered Ships - 0 views

www.world-nuclear.org/...nuclear-powered-ships Submarines
shared by Chelsea Turley on 24 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Chelsea Turley on 24 Apr 14
     
    Nuclear power is particularly suitable for vessels which need to be at sea for long periods without refuelling, or for powerful submarine propulsion. Some 140 ships are powered by more than 180 small nuclear reactors and more than 12,000 reactor years of marine operation has been accumulated.
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Office of Nuclear Energy | Department of Energy - 0 views

www.energy.gov/...office-nuclear-energy Energy Waste Reactors
shared by Chelsea Turley on 24 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Chelsea Turley on 24 Apr 14
     
    Various information regarding nuclear energy including articles about nuclear waste disposal and various nuclear reactors
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