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oy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC (TSD)

can the chemicals in the toy result in an exposure, and is this exposure associated with a health risk.  In toxicology, this is described in the following equation: Risk = Exposure x Hazard

hildren under about 3 years of age often mouth toys and other objects.  Mouthing presents a high opportunity for exposure to chemicals, as well as accidental swallowing.  For example, some toy jewelry contains levels of lead and cadmium.  While these toys may be safe if they are only touched (lead and cadmium don’t easily penetrate human skin), they may not be safe if mouthed, since lead and cadmium dissolve in saliva and then get swallowed.

POISONING HAZARDS

ASPIRATION HAZARDS

Lead-based paint is a major source of lead poisoning for children. In children, lead poisoning can cause irreversible brain damage and can impair mental functioning. Blood-lead level as low as 10 μg/dl (micrograms per deciliter) have been associated with learning disabilities, growth impairment, permanent hearing and visual impairment and other damage to the brain and nervous system.

toxic levels of lead, cadmium, antimony and phthalates, said this year's "Trouble in Toyland" report from the U.S. Public Interest Research Group (PIRG).

f antimony, a toxic metal that has been classified as a cancer-causing agent.

Phthalates are chemicals suspected to cause developmental health effects. Cadmium is a toxic metal that can cause learning disabilities and kidney problems.