A classic review of the applications of strong gravitational lensing at a time when all strong lenses known could be discussed one by one. Still a very useful reference for the basic concepts. (A)
A review of the many astrophysical applications of strong gravitational lensing, focused on galaxy-scale deflectors. It includes applications to the study of the properties of galaxies, cosmography, and the use of lenses as natural telescopes. (A)
A recent treatment of the substructure problem from a theoretical point of view. The authors compare predictions from numerical simulations with observations of strong lens flux-ratio anomalies and find that strong lenses may even indicate an excess of massive satellites. (A)
This paper describes further mass measurements of a particular merging cluster system, the "Bullet Cluster," showing how gravitational lensing can be used to measure the mass of a structure that is not in dynamical equilibrium, and without assuming that "mass follows light." Strong lensing information is combined in a joint analysis, improving the accuracy of the mass peak positions.
A mainly observational review of the astrophysical and cosmological applications of strong gravitational lensing, including a nice historical introduction and a brief review of microlensing. (A)
A recent and up-to-date paper on the distribution of stellar and dark matter in early-type galaxies using strong lensing, stellar kinematics, and other astrophysical tools. (A)
A recent description of the rationale for studying spiral galaxies with strong
gravitational lensing and the challenges associated with finding large samples of them. (A)
A concise paper that combines strong and weak lensing constraints with stellar kinematics to show that the initial mass function of massive (lens) galaxies is not consistent with light ones such as those advocated for spiral galaxies. (A)
This study of dark matter substructure in a cluster of galaxies, using both strong and weak lensing, covered an unprecedently wide dynamic range of cluster mass density and infalling group environments, and provided comparison with simulations regarding the cluster dark matter density profile. (A)
The discovery of the first giant arcs is described in this classic paper; it marks the beginning of the study of cluster strong lenses as cosmic telescopes. (A)
LensTool has been used extensively throughout the literature; this paper provides a good introduction and an overview of its more recently added capabilities. (A)
This paper describes a type of lensing that is between the strong and weak-lensing limits: only single images are formed, but lensing introduces a measurable curvature to the galaxy shape. There is some theoretical promise for this "flexion" improving the combination of strong and weak-lensing data, but current attempts to measure the effect have shown it to be difficult.
This paper describes a type of lensing that is between the strong and weak-lensing limits: only single images are formed, but lensing introduces a measurable curvature to the galaxy shape. There is some theoretical promise for this "flexion" improving the combination of strong and weak-lensing data, but current attempts to measure the effect have shown it to be difficult.
This is the only monograph to focus on the pure mathematical aspects of gravitational lensing. An excellent book suitable for advanced readers with a strong interest in mathematics. (A)
A comprehensive and pedagogical set of lectures, providing an ideal first step for graduate students and researchers entering the field. Includes a very useful introduction to cosmology. (A)
A textbook aimed at advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students that incorporates derivations of gravitational lensing in a cosmological and galaxy-evolution framework. (I,A)