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La Banca d'Italia published a survey-based paper that analyzed the relationship between digitalization, financial knowledge and financial decisions. It found that digital skills are a useful complement to financial skills in monitoring expenses and therefore to saving money. Moreover, such skills are also related to a more favorable attitude towards digital finance. With the same level of financial knowledge, digital skills do not however affect investment decisions. Finally, there is a significant gender gap, at the expenses of women, in terms of both digital skills and financial knowledge.

"This paper examines the relationship between financial literacy and cryptocurrency ownership using machine learning techniques. Based on 2,121 survey responses, it identifies significant predictors of cryptocurrency ownership, including age, population size, cash transaction weight, bank innovation perception, income level, and self-assessed financial literacy. A noteworthy finding is the importance of financial literacy as a determinant of cryptocurrency ownership. Financial literacy is as statistically relevant as other variables, such as age, in reducing the likelihood of holding cryptocurrencies. "