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A Secure Element securely stores card/cardholder data and manages the reading of encrypted data. During a payment transaction it acts like a contactless payment card using industry standard technology to help authorize a transaction. The Secure Element could either be embedded in the phone or embedded in your SIM card.

The paper presents data on regulatory sandboxes and innovation hubs and argues that the data so far available does not justify the statement that regulatory sandboxes are the most effective approach to building FinTech ecosystems.

The CoinDesk Quarterly Review surfaces the key data, trends and events shaping crypto markets, in a 45-slide presentation format. It evaluates three different use cases for crypto across more than 25 different data sets. The results of this analysis suggest a dominant narrative for bitcoin and alternative cryptocurrencies has yet to emerge.

Ernst & Young, the trustee overseeing the bankruptcy case for the failed Canadian crypto exchange, will be turning over all of Quadriga's user info and data to the country's tax collector.

Microsoft has filed a patent application filed with the World Intellectual Property Organization for a system that can mine crypto-assets using data collected from humans as they exercise or read an advertisement. Sensors would detect activity associated with specific tasks and convert it into computer-readable data to solve computational problems, in much the same way as a conventional proof-of-work system. Microsoft suggested in its patent application that the system would be fully centralized.

The white paper, Privacy 2020: 10 Privacy Risks and 10 Privacy Enhancing Technologies to Watch in the Next Decade, identifies ten technologies that are likely to create increasingly complex data protection challenges. Over the next decade, privacy considerations will be driven by innovations in tech linked to human bodies, health, and social networks; infrastructure; and computing power. The white paper also highlights ten developments that can enhance privacy - providing cause for optimism that organizations will be able to manage data responsibly. Some of these technologies are already in general use, some will soon be widely deployed, and others are nascent.

The miner's rolling inventory (MRI) figure, created by crypto markets data company ByteTree to measure the changes in inventory levels held by these key market participants, remained below 100 percent in January, suggesting a lack of confidence in the 30 percent price rally that month.

In the Fall of 2019, something happened. We're still not sure what it was, but it appears a bunch of new investors started buying bitcoin, according to data created by cryptocurrency data firm, CoinMetrics and others. Very little is known about this spending spree, but from September to December, those investors filled up their coffers with crypto.

"According to data from Skew.com, a leading cryptocurrency data provider for derivatives, over $120 million worth of BitMEX long positions were liquidated in this massive flash crash lower."

Spreads across digital asset exchanges soared during March as anxiety gripped global markets, according to data compiled by cryptocurrency over-the-counter trading firm B2C2.

The rise of stablecoins and asset-backed tokens could drive the development of financial markets via new forms of transparency and data credibility. This column uses the revised proposal for the Libra global stablecoin as an example to illustrate possibilities for supervisors to harness information in distributed ledger based-finance via 'embedded supervision'. The aim is to increase the quality of data available to supervisors and to reduce administrative costs for firms.

"Lately, the store of value (SoV) narrative has dominated the conversation around Bitcoin. But if you're a data-driven individual (and I suspect most of you are), then you might be wondering how to quantify this narrative. Let's dig in and see what the data shows us."

A Bank of Japan paper [sorry, it's only in Japanese] surveys the literature on the economics of privacy." The economics of privacy teaches that market mechanisms can address issues such as how to determine socially desirable levels of privacy protection and how to deal with privacy infringements caused by the "negative externalities" of personal information data. It's difficult to solve. This perception can give important implications when considering how to proceed with the utilization of data while giving a sense of security to people who use digital payment systems.

Giesecke+Devrient's (G+D's) hybrid-deployment Filia model of a value-based CBDC solution involves existing members of the currency cycle playing a vital role in. The creation and issuance of data files that represent monetary value take place in a highly secure offline environment at the central bank, while distribution is carried out by commercial banks or other financial service providers. Payment service providers can integrate Filia into their own offerings - as part of a larger payment ecosystem - to enable new business models, and to foster growth and innovation in an open system. Filia can be utilized through smartphones, smartcards, smartwatches, and other forms of digital wallets, without the need for a bank account, the disclosure of private data, or consumer fees. It also allows for secure offline consecutive offline payments.

S&P Dow Jones Indices launched a series of digital asset benchmarks, the S&P Digital Market Indices, that will measure the performance of digital assets listed on recognized open cryptocurrency exchanges. At launch, the index series will cover Bitcoin and Ethereum, and there will be Cryptocurrency MegaCap Index that measures the market cap-weighted performance of Bitcoin and Ethereum. Later this year other coins will be added. The indices use pricing data from Lukka, a crypto software and data provider, to determine the eligibility universe and pricing of individual constituents.

"There is now an opportunity for the industry to collaborate with global regulators to promote common standards and a uniform approach to risk data reporting and processing. This whitepaper proposes an approach based on ISDA's Common Risk Interchange Format (CRIF) and the Common Domain Model (CDM), which will reduce the operational complexity and costs associated with the proliferation of standards aimed at capturing portfolio risk data."

Local currencies can help restore balance in society and it's time to move away from an economy based on the exploitation of individuals' personal data. So says Diana Finch, managing director of Bristol Pound and our interviewee in the latest New Money Review podcast. The Bristol Pound is a local currency project born in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. It first appeared in 2012 and quickly grew to become the UK's largest scheme of its type.

A Bank for International Settlements (BIS) paper examines how CBDCs can contribute to an open, safe and competitive monetary system that supports innovation and serves the public interest. Like the latest generation of instant retail payment systems, retail CBDCs could ensure open payment platforms and a competitive level playing field that is conducive to innovation. The ultimate benefits of adopting a new payment technology will depend on the competitive structure of the underlying payment system and data governance arrangements. The same technology that can encourage a virtuous circle of greater access, lower costs and better services might equally induce a vicious circle of data silos, market power and anti-competitive practices. CBDCs and open platforms are the most conducive to a virtuous circle. CBDCs built on digital identification could improve cross-border payments, and limit the risks of currency substitution. Multi-CBDC arrangements could surmount the hurdles of sharing digital IDs across borders, but will require international cooperation.

CFTC data shows a sharp increase in NDF clearing since July this year. September 2019 was a record month for the notional of NDFs cleared. BIS data shows that NDF markets doubled in size between April 2016 and April 2019. Is Phase 4 of the Uncleared Margin Rules accelerating the uptake of NDF clearing?

The aim of Blockchain 4 alliance is to facilitate innovation and bring long term benefits to society by applying disruptive blockchain technologies to the space industry, from smart contracts and data tokenization through to secure data storage and communications protocols.