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Byzantine Fault Tolerant systems have seen extensive study for more than two decades, yet we lack a principled strategy for testing BFT implementations. This paper presents Twins, a new approach for testing BFT systems.

From a technical perspective, the consensus mechanism that helps members with different interests come to an agreement uses a modified version of the math behind bitcoin's Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) algorithm, called BFTLibra.

Calibra asserts that Twins allows its operator to systematically generate Byzantine attack scenarios at scale, execute them in a controlled manner, and check for desired protocol properties.

Banca d'Italia published a paper on the FROSTed Byzantine Fault Tolerance (FBFT) protocol, an approach to DLT proof of authority (PoA) validation meant to strengthen the security of the ledger, its tolerance to faults or attacks, and the confidentiality of validators. It combines the practical byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) algorithm with the flexible round-optimized Schnorr threshold (FROST) signature scheme. The resulting system is an alternative platform for a distributed, resilient transactional system. Operated by a set of trusted actors, distributed at geographic scale, it holds potential for mission-critical applications, such as wholesale and retail CBDC, and asset tokenization schemes.