This is an older but fascinating article about a midwife working in Gardener, Massachusetts in the 19th century. Hanna continued to attend births of mostly the immigrant population of the city despite being told by courts to cease. She was convicted of "practicing medicine without a license" and had to pay many fines and spend 3 months in a correctional facility. Note that the charges brought against her were never from clients, but from the physicians working in the area.

The researchers in this article focused on analyzing what kind of economic impact that giving APRNs full scope of practice in North Carolina would have. They calculated the impact by first projecting the increase in APRN graduates choosing to work in the state after full scope would be awarded. Projections of the increase in demand for providers due to both the ACA and an aging population were also taken into consideration. The findings in this analysis were that giving APRNs full scope of practice in the state would benefit the economy with increased output, employment, and tax revenue all while decreasing provider shortages. The state could save upwards of $495 million in gross product annually.

Hopefully, results such as these will give other states with more restrictive policies incentive to change their practice guidelines.