With these factors in mind, it is evident that resistance exercise is fundamentally anabolic and may actually shift the utilization of dietary amino acids towards muscle protein synthesis and thus a greater ratio of circulating amino acids are being retained by the body’s largest protein pool (skeletal muscle) in both the fasting and fed states. Hence, a person engaged in a regular resistance exercise training program is likely at the lower end of required protein intakes to optimize muscle adaptive response when compared with those engaged in other exercise activities. For example, Kato et al. [29] have demonstrated that protein requirements are slightly elevated for endurance-trained adults consuming an energy-balanced diet (~1.8 g·kg body weight (BW)−1·day−1).