We’re all familiar with the general idea of a filter: it removes something that we don’t want from something we do want. Coffee filters that pass the liquid coffee but retain the grounds or air filters that pass clean air but trap the dust and other pollutants are two common examples of mechanical filters in everyday life.
That same concept can be applied to noisy electrical signals to pass through the “true” signal of interest while blocking the undesirable noise signal.
Looking at Figure 2.5c below, imagine for a moment that the signal of interest is in the lower-frequency region and that the noise signal is in the higher-frequency region. Ideally, we’d like to be able to get rid of that high-frequency noise, leaving just the signal component that we want.
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