Nairobi 2010 Conference Reoprt  Climate Change and Natural Resource Use in Eastern Africa: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation Report of the 3rd Scientific Conference of the Ecological Society for Eastern Africa (ESEA) and co-hosted with the Pan African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA) at Multimedia University College, Nairobi, 19 - 21 May 2010 By Nicholas Oguge, Caroline Lumosi, Teddy Odindo, Joseph Ngondi and Philista Malaki October 4, 2010 Summary While the Earth's climate has changed throughout history, the current warming trend has been of particular concern because most of it is human-induced and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented.  One of the greatest concerns of this global warming is climate variability and change.  The risks associated with climate change add to development challenges such as food and water insecurity. Although climate change is only one of the many drivers negatively affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services, it certainly exacerbates the other factors such as land degradation and unsustainable natural resource use. There is general concern on the accelerating deterioration of the human environment and natural resources. This would widen poverty levels confronting eastern African countries and threaten gains made towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Thus, the Ecological Society for Eastern African organised its 3rd annual scientific conference with a theme addressing this global challenge.  The idea was to bring together researchers, policy makers and the general public together to discuss the climate change phenomena, its impacts, mitigation strategies and adaptation measures with regard to natural resource use in Eastern Africa. In order to address above issues and to reach out to a wider audience, we designed the conference strategically on three tiers:   1. Plenary talks: to provide policy information and direction, science on climate change, ecological and socio-economic effects, how to commun

ntroduction The significance of email as a modern medium for communication has grown fast and sustainable. The technical basis, especially the availability of a digital infrastructure enabled the global spread of email as a user friendly, flexible and versatile medium. By now email can be considered as one of the most frequently used applications of the internet. The advantages of email as being low in costs but high in speed and reliability led to its increasing use and significance. Furthermore its quality of being "viral" through easy forwarding and multi-receiver-sending has opened new possibilities for communication. On the one hand the disposability of email has led to these new trends, on the other hand the very same quality can be held responsible for the short-lived and unsustainable attributes of email.1 Since the emergence of the first communication through electronic mail the face of email concerning both quality and quantity has changed significantly. In terms of quality it has changed from a simple substitute for the hand written letter to today's most important tool for collaboration, knowledge-management, online marketing and global business communication. Furthermore it is "now used for multiple purposes: document delivery and archiving, work task delegation; and task tracking. It is also used for storing personal names and addresses, for sending reminders, asking for assistance, scheduling appointments, and for handling technical queries." Electronic mail can be considered as vital precursor for globalization and the modern information society. Its commercial use for offers, contracts, orders etc. created demand for an obliging and explicit legal framework together with new standards regarding electronic signature, identification and data safety. The trend of an increasing quantity of electronic mail is strongly related to its development, standardization and availability of digital infrastructure. The exponentially increasing amount of e

Glosario de términos de una Investigación Investigación Es un proceso compuesto por distintas etapas interrelacionadas. Una buena idea Es el primer acercamiento a la realidad que habrá que investigarse. Antecedentes Son los estudios, investigaciones y trabajos anteriores. Planteamiento del problema Es una integración de los objetivos, preguntas y justificación. El problema debe expresar una relación entre variables para probar empíricamente efectos, condiciones, relaciones. Qué pretende la investigación y su justificación (para qué sirve, cuál es su relevancia o implicaciones). El marco teórico Qué teorías o enfoques anteceden al estudio de las fuentes primarias o directas, de las fuentes secundarias de primera mano y fuentes terciarias de segunda mano que relacionen conceptos o proposiciones para describir y explicar la realidad. Las fichas bibliográficas Es la herramienta para recopilar referencia al revisar la literatura pertinente. Tipo de investigación Existen al menos tres tipos: exploratoria, descriptiva y explicativa. Investigación exploratoria Es aquella que indaga sobre un problema poco estudiado. Investigación descriptiva Especifican las propiedades de cualquier fenómeno: cómo es y cómo se manifiesta. Investigación explicativa Cómo se relacionan conceptos y variables y cuáles son sus correlaciones o asociaciones. Formular hipótesis Es una guía que indican lo que se está buscando o tratando de probar de una manera tentativa una realidad o hipótesis de la investigación o de trabajo (Hi). Hipótesis nula Es una manera de refutar o negar lo que afirma la hipótesis de trabajo (Ho). Variables Es una propiedad que al variar es susceptible de ser medida y relacionadas. Diseños de la investigación Experimental (manipular variables) y no experimental (observar y analizar). La muestra Quiénes son los sujetos u objetos de estudio que forman un subgrupo de la población limitada. Recoger los d

What is StartAid StartAid is a Social Bookmarking site. Startaid give you the ability to make a custom homepage where you can have all your Bookmarks at your finger tips. With Startaid you can you Category and/or Tag filing systems. Startaid has a powerful Ajax interface to help make the managing of your bookmarks fast and easy. Here are some of the Features of Startaid: - Online Bookmark Manager - Discover New Bookmarks - Design your own Personal Homepage - Access your bookmarks from anywhere Online - You can use Tags and/or Categories - Set Tags, Categories or Bookmarks as private - Comment and discuss Bookmarks with members - Share Groups for controled bookmark sharing - Send boomkarks to friends and members - Bookmark a link with a single click - Bookmarklets for easy bookmarking - Thumbnail images of all your bookmarks - Dynamic Search box for most search platforms - Import all your existing bookmarks Enjoy!

over 500 social networking sites that can bookmarks Social Services that can "Manage Bookmarks" Social bookmarking is a way for Internet users to store, organize, share and search bookmarks of web pages. In a social bookmarking system, users save links to web pages that they want to remember and/or share. These bookmarks are usually public, but depending on the service's features, may be saved privately, shared only with specific people or groups, shared only inside certain networks, or another combination of publicness and privateness. The allowed people can usually view these bookmarks chronologically, by category or tags, via a search engine, or even randomly. Most social bookmark services encourage users to organize their bookmarks with informal tags instead of the traditional browser-based system of folders, although some services feature categories/folders or a combination of folders and tags. They also enable viewing bookmarks associated with a chosen tag, and include information about the number of users who have bookmarked them. Some social bookmarking services also draw inferences from the relationship of tags to create clusters of tags or bookmarks. Many social bookmarking services provide web feeds for their lists of bookmarks, including lists organized by tags. This allows subscribers to become aware of new bookmarks as they are saved, shared, and tagged by other users. As these services have matured and grown more popular, they have added extra features such as ratings and comments on bookmarks, the ability to import and export bookmarks from browsers, emailing of bookmarks, web annotation, and groups or other social network features.[1]