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Stone usually forms in the kidneys and descends down in the urinary tract to cause symptoms. It usually follows an infection, stagnation or abnormality in the urinary tract. It may also occur due to excessive calcium intake, hyperparathyroidism, blood disorders like sickle cell disease or gout etc. It may be found in renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder or in the urethra. Common variety is a phosphate salt of calcium and /or magnesium. Around 40% to 50% of stones give rise to shadow in a plain x-rays film of abdomen and pelvis. It causes severe pain in the abdomen depending on the site of impaction of stone. Its diagnosis is both easy and difficult. When pain is felt in the upper abdomen due to stone in the kidney most often simulates acid peptic disease, cholecystitis or pancreatitis. Pain in right lower abdomen may confuse with appendicitis. Pain in the abdomen may occur associated with vomiting, fever or blood in urine.

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