Lippmann likened the average American—or “outsider,” as he tellingly named him—to a “deaf spectator in the back row” at a sporting event: “He does not know what is happening, why it is happening, what ought to happen,” and “he lives in a world which he cannot see, does not understand and is unable to direct.” In a description that may strike a familiar chord with anyone who watches cable news or listens to talk radio today, Lippmann assumed a public that “is slow to be aroused and quickly diverted . . . and is interested only when events have been melodramatized as a conflict.” A committed élitist, Lippmann did not see why anyone should find these conclusions shocking. Average citizens are hardly expected to master particle physics or post-structuralism. Why should we expect them to understand the politics of Congress, much less that of the Middle East?
The full form of 'TOEFL' is - 'Test of English as a Foreign Language', and it is a test conducted by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). That's right, the same people that conduct the GRE every year.A TOEFL score is something that you need for applying to any college in the U.S. or in Canada, and it is something that is required for all non-Native English speakers who wish to apply for an undergraduate or postgraduate course. But here's the kicker: You may need to take the TOEFL exam in order to get a score to apply for some kinds of jobs as well. There are many purposes for taking the TOEFL exam, but the primary one is usually for an academic course at an English speaking country. There are universities and businesses in other English speaking countries, like the U.K or Australia, and so on who do accept a TOEFL score for various other purposes.
