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e-4_cox.pdf (application/pdf Object) - 1 views

www2.warwick.ac.uk/...e-4_cox.pdf COP theory 543
shared by Andrea Ross on 13 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Andrea Ross on 14 Sep 12
     
    This links to a review by Andrew Cox of four seminal works on Communities of Practice. Three of the works are authored/co-authored by Etienne Wenger. Although it is geared toward management/business, the underlying theory of the necessity of belonging to a larger network is the same, as individuals seek communities that meet their needs and interests.
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brown- organizational learning and communities of practice.pdf (application/pdf Object) - 1 views

courses.ceit.metu.edu.tr/...ommunities%20of%20practice.pdf edtech theory 543 COP
shared by Andrea Ross on 13 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Andrea Ross on 14 Sep 12
     
    This links to an article written in Organizational Science in 1991. The authors, from the Institute for Research on Learning believe that working, learning, and innovating are three forms of human activity that are believe to conflict with one another. They seek to prove that the three are, in fact, intertwined and innovating results from the learning that takes place in a community of workers. If the three components are collective, they will thrive. If they are separate, they will fail. The authors refer to these as communities-of-communities.

Emerging Technologies in Distance Education - 2 views

started by Matt Hoge on 23 Jun 14 no follow-up yet
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Three Generations of Distance Education Pedagogy - 1 views

www.irrodl.org/...1663 edtech543 elearning technology theory
shared by danielbmc on 03 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • cognitive-behaviourist, social constructivist, and connectivist pedagogy
  • explore distance education systems as they have evolved through three eras of educational, social, and psychological development
  • requirement for distance education to be technologically mediated in order to span the geographic and often temporal distance between learners, teachers, and institutions, it is common to think of development or generations of distance education in terms of the technology used to span these distances
  • ...39 more annotations...
  • first generation of distance education technology was by postal correspondence
  • second generation, defined by the mass media of television, radio, and film production
  • interactive technologies: first audio, then text, video, and then web and immersive conferencing
  • less clear what defines the so-called fourth- and even fifth-generation distance technologies except for a use of intelligent data bases (Taylor, 2002) that create “intelligent flexible learning” or that incorporate Web 2.0 or semantic web technologies
  • repertoire of options available to DE designers and learners has increase
  • Many educators pride themselves on being pedagogically (as opposed to technologically) driven in their teaching and learning designs
  • two being intertwined in a dance: the technology sets the beat and creates the music, while the pedagogy defines the moves
  • To some extent, our pedagogical processes may themselves be viewed as technologies
  • none of these three pedagogical generations has disappeared, and we will argue that all three can and should be effectively used to address the full spectrum of learning needs and aspirations of 21st century learners.
  • Behavioural learning theory begins with notions of learning which are generally defined as new behaviours or changes in behaviours that are acquired as the result of an individual’s response to stimuli
  • Although learning was still conceived of as an individual process, its study expanded from an exclusive focus on behaviour to changes in knowledge or capacity that are stored and recalled in individual memory.
  • The locus of control in a CB model is very much the teacher or instructional designer
  • It is notable that such models gained a foothold in distance education at a time when there were limited technologies available that allowed many-to-many communication. Teleconferencing was perhaps the most successful means available but came with associated costs and complexity that limited its usefulness. The postal service and publication or redistribution of messages was very slow, expensive, and limited in scope for interactivity. Methods that relied on one-to-many and one-to-one communication were really the only sensible options because of the constraints of the surrounding technologies.
  • Cognitive presence is the means and context through which learners construct and confirm new knowledge
  • Later developments in cognitive theory have attempted to design learning materials in ways that maximized brain efficiency and effectiveness by attending to the types, ordering, timing, and nature of learning stimulations
  • Learning was thought of as an individual process, and thus it made little difference if one was reading a book, watching a movie, or interacting with a computer-assisted learning program by oneself or in the company of other learners
  • reduction of the role and importance of the teacher further fueled resentment by traditional educators against the CB model of distance education
  • While appropriate when learning objectives are very clear, CB models avoid dealing with the full richness and complexity of humans learning to be, as opposed to learning to do
  • People are not blank slates but begin with models and knowledge of the world and learn and exist in a social context of great intricacy and depth.
  • technology became widely used to create opportunities for both synchronous and asynchronous interactions between and among students and teachers
  • Social-constructivist pedagogy acknowledges the social nature of knowledge and of its creation in the minds of individual learners.
  • Teachers do not merely transmit knowledge to be passively consumed by learners; rather, each learner constructs means by which new knowledge is both created and integrated with existing knowledge
  • The locus of control in a social-constructivist system shifts somewhat away from the teacher, who becomes more of a guide than an instructor, but who assumes the critical role of shaping the learning activities and designing the structure in which those activities occur
  • social-constructivist models only began to gain a foothold in distance education when the technologies of many-to-many communication became widely available, enabled first by email and bulletin boards, and later through the World Wide Web and mobile technologies
  • Cognitive presence also assumes that learners are actively engaged, and interaction with peers is perhaps the most cost-effective way to support cognitive presence
  • It remains challenging to apply learning where it can blossom into application and thus demonstrate true understanding
  • Social interaction is a defining feature of constructivist pedagogies. At a distance, this interaction is always mediated, but nonetheless, it is considered to be a critical component of quality distance education
  • the educator is a guide, helper, and partner where the content is secondary to the learning process; the source of knowledge lies primarily in experiences
  • teaching presence in constructivist pedagogical models focuses on guiding and evaluating authentic tasks performed in realistic contexts.
  • Constructivist distance education pedagogies moved distance learning beyond the narrow type of knowledge transmission that could be encapsulated easily in media through to the use of synchronous and asynchronous, human communications-based learning
  • learning is the process of building networks of information, contacts, and resources that are applied to real problems. Connectivism was developed in the information age of a networked era (Castells, 1996) and assumes ubiquitous access to networked technologies
  • Connectivism also assumes that information is plentiful and that the learner’s role is not to memorize or even understand everything, but to have the capacity to find and apply knowledge when and where it is needed.
  • It is noteworthy that connectivist models explicitly rely on the ubiquity of networked connections between people, digital artifacts, and content, which would have been inconceivable as forms of distance learning were the World Wide Web not available to mediate the process. Thus, as we have seen in the case of the earlier generations of distance learning, technology has played a major role in determining the potential pedagogies that may be employed.
  • learners have access to powerful networks and, as importantly, are literate and confident enough to exploit these networks in completing learning tasks
  • exposing students to networks and providing opportunities for them to gain a sense of self-efficacy in networked-based cognitive skills and the process of developing their own net presence
  • Connectivist learning is based as much upon production as consumption of educational content
  • The activities of learners are reflected in their contributions to wikis, Twitter, threaded conferences, Voicethreads, and other network tools. Further, social presence is retained and promoted through the comments, contributions, and insights of students who have previously engaged in the course and that persist as augmentable archives to enrich network interactions for current students
  • learners and teacher collaborate to create the content of study, and in the process re-create that content for future use by others
  • stress to teaching presence is the challenge presented by rapidly changing technologies
  • Gretel Patch on 03 Sep 12
     
    How three theories have shaped distance learning over the years. Connectivist theory shows how learning is about forming connections with others through human and digital interaction. Developed in the digital age and assumes access to social networking technologies.
  • danielbmc on 23 Jun 14
     
    This is a March 2011 journal article that highlights the shifts in technology and theory for distance learning. First, there was the cognitive-behaviorist with it's focus on read, watch, and recall. As the web developed, we saw constructivism shift the teachers duties from content creator to a guide through the content as students synthesized. Connectivism promotes the teacher as a "co-traveler" helping students to explore, connect, and create.
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Networked professional learning: relating the formal and the informal | Vaessen | Front... - 3 views

journals.sfu.ca/...177 PLN network EdTech543
shared by Cassie Davenport on 01 Jul 15 - No Cached
  • These informal networks help teachers to deal with the increasing complexity of their work
  • most of what professionals learn is learnt informally
  • Professional learning has proven to drive organisational learning and innovation
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • In spite of the proven importance of informal networks, professional development of teachers is almost invariably approached in a largely formal manner
  • an be remedied by aligning formal and informal learning processes through networked learning.
  • both forma
  • hybrid form
  • informal learning activities are recognised and promoted 
  • We have argued the importance of informal networked learning
  •   What are the formal and informal mechanisms underlying networked professional learning, related to professional development, autonomy and management? ·         How can networked learning be positioned in the most optimal way?
  • non-linear ongoing process rather than as an outcome of linear, one-off training events
  • he way they learn
  • gate-keepers, facilitators or
  • there must be trust
  • When personal responsibility takes the form of accountability toward control from superiors or school inspection, spontaneous learning processes can be impeded
  • management gets involved
  • loss of motivation
  • School principals are important agents
  • interest t
  • as barriers
  • Learning mechanisms: what we have seen in the literature indicates that networked learning is a natural activity through which professionals develop their expertise, in addition to participating in formal learning procedures. This form of professional development is a continuous process. Networked learning is often directly related to work practices and promoting it has proven to be effective to enhance the learning process.
  • Issues of trust, freedom of choice, and willingness to share and connect are intrinsically motivated
  • how can networked learning be positioned in the most optimal way?
  • Keypoints
  • Cassie Davenport on 01 Jul 15
     
    This study delves into the formal and informal aspects of networks. It highlights the need for informal in a teachers' complex job, but the struggles with qualifying/managing the occurrence. It also speaks to administrations delicate roll as a "gate-keeper" or "barrier". Interesting read. 
  • Megan Poindexter on 01 Jul 15
     
    Nice find Cassie. While the study is lengthy to read it is full of excellent information. I believe the ladder half of the text (discussion and key points sections) is where the most valuable information lies. I always appreciative objectivity and honesty, and the authors of this study were clear that networks aren't for everyone. Everyone is a unique and distinct learner so to blanket the idea of a network as something that is a "must" for effective professional development wouldn't be fair. Yet, it does acknowledge that from a team initiative perspective, networks are a blank canvas and platform for maintaining open communication so all parties involved grow.
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Connectivism | Tony Bates - 9 views

www.tonybates.ca/...connectivism EdTech543 connectivist learning theory
shared by Jennifer Frost on 29 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • Jennifer Frost on 29 Jun 15
     
    Tony Bates (my fav edtech guy) discusses connectivism and how it applies to teaching and online learning. Another great read. Anything by Tony Bates is quite amazing! EDTECH543 Connectivism
  • ...1 more comment...
  • Megan Poindexter on 01 Jul 15
     
    I found this site particularly fascinating in that it made proved the strong relationship between the nurturing approach and social reform model. It establishes some of the credibility of the source by giving an overview of the models' history and the objectively looks at the strengths and weaknesses of each. I particularly enjoyed the section at the end that asked the reader to question and formulate their own opinions. To me, connectivism is rooted in both the nurturing approach and social reform model as both use networks of information to make decisions that hold real world application.
  • anonymous on 02 Jul 15
     
    My struggle with pedagogies such as the nurturing approach is that I am torn between teaching my students according to the way the world is and the way the world should be. In the former, I believe my students are academically and emotionally prepared to learn in any environment. In the latter, I worry that my students won't be able to cope and compete in the real world. When I worked with at-risk youth, many of them fell behind when they started fourth grade after the "class size reduction subsidies" stopped, and they were put in classes with 50% more students. They were no longer able to get the specialized attention and they were not prepared for it.
  • nickurban on 03 Jul 15
     
    One of the aspects that Bates talks about in regards to connectivism is that "There is no need for formal institutions to support this kind of learning, especially since such learning often depends heavily on social media readily available to all participants." I found this statement to be a bit rogue as he tries to state that learning will automatically occur through the use of social media. In identifying how connectivism works, there is still a need to help define the learning for students so that they are provided with the proper structure of information, sources, and how to identify good information. I would love to think that all students inherently want to learn, but truly think that students also need to be taught how to learn through this medium. Not all learning will occur naturally.
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Community of Practice Design Guide - 14 views

net.educause.edu/...nli0531.pdf EdTech543 EdTechSN Module2 CoP education technology
shared by anonymous on 20 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • Dana Daines-Smith on 20 Jun 13
     
    Defines CoP's and reinforces that CoP's focus on sharing knowledge and developing best practices. Identifies CoP's as a model for connecting people for learning, knowledge sharing, collaboration and organizational development. Provides great key questions for growth of a CoP.
  • ...6 more comments...
  • Melissa Getz on 22 Jun 13
     
    Even though I am becoming more acclimated to the non-linear arrangements of websites and the Internet, in general, it is still nice to see a well formatted document that clearly lists its points and is somewhat old-fashioned in presenting more recently cultivated information. This is the type of arrangement I needed to help me visualize CoP's.
  • Stacie Barker on 10 Sep 13
     
    How to guide on using Communities of Practice in higher education.
  • Renee Phoenix on 02 Jul 15
     
    A step by step guide for designing and cultivating CoPs from the Educause Library of free resources
  • nickurban on 02 Jul 15
     
    I really enjoyed this article as it did provide a very clear distinction to a CoP and how they generate around a particular goal or common objectives. The one aspect of the article that I found really fascinating dealt with how to create a CoP and how it spoke of the cultivation of a CoP. It is not something that grows automatically, but must be intentional in nature. This requires the design, formalization of the community, and planning activities and core concepts for the CoP. It is not imperative that a CoP is fully structured from the beginning as the CoP will ultimately identfiy its main tenants over the period of growth.
  • Megan Gooding on 04 Jul 15
     
    This guide provides a practical interpretation of the theoretical underpinnings of communities of practice (CoPs) in higher education. The guide begins with a definition, review of the purpose of CoPs, as well as their lifecycle. The authors also outline the stages of development in a CoP. This section includes guiding questions and activities to help others facilitate the development process within their own CoPs. I found this resource to be helpful in visualizing the process of developing CoPs.
  • cassiefaught on 03 Sep 15
     
    This source is set up differently than the others that I found. It is focused more on why communities are important, and how to build them. It also provides some good visuals that represent types of communities, how to grow communities, and different ways to grow and cultivate those relationships and communities.
  • anonymous on 08 Sep 15
     
    This is a great guide from Educause on the "nuts and bolts" of establishing a PLN. This resource provides a step-by-step guide to establishing a CoP.
  • Innovative Educator on 08 Sep 15
     
    This article is really helpful since it gives practical there are some things you can do. My favorite is "Design." You can not just set up spaces and expect people to interact. You have to drive purpose and there has to be meaning there.
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ALA | About Banned & Challenged Books - 0 views

www.ala.org/...index.cfm banned books ala
shared by anonymous on 13 Oct 10 - Cached
  • A challenge is an attempt to remove or restrict materials, based upon the objections of a person or group.  A banning is the removal of those materials.  Challenges do not simply involve a person expressing a point of view; rather, they are an attempt to remove material from the curriculum or library, thereby restricting the access of others.  Due to the commitment of librarians, teachers, parents, students and other concerned citizens, most challenges are unsuccessful and most materials are retained in the school curriculum or library collection.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 13 Oct 10
       
      challenged and banned books?
  • Books usually are challenged with the best intentions—to protect others, frequently children, from difficult ideas and information
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science (application/pdf Object) - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/science
shared by Amy Pacheco on 02 Feb 10 - Cached
  • Amy Pacheco on 02 Feb 10
     
    Exploration of secondary students' creativity by integrating web-based\ntechnology into an innovative science curriculum
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SIGCSE10-repenning.pdf (application/pdf Object) - 0 views

www.cs.colorado.edu/...SIGCSE10-repenning.pdf
shared by Amy Pacheco on 02 Feb 10 - No Cached
  • Amy Pacheco on 02 Feb 10
     
    Computational Thinking in Public Schools
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989160_731208570_918167663.pdf (application/pdf Object) - 0 views

pdfserve.informaworld.com/989160_731208570_918167663.pdf
shared by Amy Pacheco on 02 Feb 10 - Cached
  • Amy Pacheco on 02 Feb 10
     
    The Role of Computer Technology in Teaching Reading\nand Writing: Preschool Teachers' Beliefs and Practices
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