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Understand the four types of homework. Know when and why to have students practice: Memorization of basic rules, algorithms, or laws so the skill becomes rote. Increase in skill speed, used for improving students' abilities to apply these skills in more complex problem solving. Deepening understanding of a concept—providing students time to read further, elaborating on a new idea and expanding their understanding. Preparation for the following day's learning, such as an advance organizer or cue to increase readiness for new information.

Finally, students research the four design principles to flesh out their understanding where needed, and possibly correct any misconceptions. From this research, students create their own graphic organizer of the four design principles for future reference and to help them remember.

“This goes back to the bigger picture idea that everything a teacher does or doesn’t do, says or doesn’t say, sends some message to the student and has an impact.”

before they can earn their master’s degrees, they must submit a portfolio showing that their own students made at least one year of academic progress in a subject.

By 2013, New York will begin holding all graduate students in education accountable for student learning in their classrooms before they can get their degrees,