With the desire for more and more campuses to develop their online or hybrid curricula, expanding pedagogy to include real-time technology in the classroom not only makes sense but can also be done with little or no additional technological investment. The use of technology in the classroom to aid in student learning, help streamline grading, assignments, and discussions, or simply to alleviate physical office hour meetings has not only been around for some time but has been pushed, debated, and left many faculty feeling the "hype" surrounding classroom technology does not meet their needs.

21st century classrooms are different from the traditional high school classroom. The teacher is not the focal point of learning and the students take the lead role. Technology integration is a major component to this shift in teaching style. The inclusion of technology into the classroom and how it influences teaching practice and student engagement was researched for this study. The Director of Technology and building administration from a suburban high school in Southeastern Chester County implemented a grant from Pennsylvania's Department of Education called the "Classrooms for the Future" (CFF) grant. The teachers of English, math, science, and social studies teachers were recipients of the grant and received the Smart Classrooms. The grant allowed for an influx of technology, staff development, and online courses to enhance the teaching and learning process. Teaching practice and student engagement were studied to make a determination if technology use created a positive change. Longitudinal and cross-sectional data were collected from a variety of sources including the student body and teaching staff that participated in CFF. The results indicated that there was a positive relationship between teaching practice and student engagement as well as technology use and student engagement. Recommendations of further implementation and future research studies were discussed. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission.

We present an analysis of a longitudinal case study whose aim was to understand the processes of integration of a face-to-face and networked collaborative learning technology and pedagogy into a secondary school history-geography classroom. Students carried out a sequence of argumentative tasks relating to sustainable development, including argument generation, sharing and elaboration, debate using a computer-mediated communication, and organization of arguments in a shared diagram. Students' interactions and diagrams were analysed in terms of degree and quality of argumentativity, as well as "catachresis" ("getting round" the software to perform a non-prescribed task). Results run counter to positive systems of ideas and values concerning collaborative learning and its technological mediation in that the scenario did not meet its pedagogical aims, having to be abandoned before its planned end. We discuss possible explanations for this "failure story" in terms of the articulation between everyday, technology-related and educational discourse genres, with their associated social "milieux," as well as the social structure of the classroom. The relevance of these aspects for future attempts to integrate such technologies is discussed. In conclusion, we discuss a vision of learning that takes into account students who do not accept to play the educational game.

Given the primacy of instructional technology in today's college classroom, it is important to understand how faculty use these tools, especially how they adapt specific tools to meet the unique needs of particular faculty or instructional situations. Instructional designers and policymakers face the challenge of introducing innovations into established patterns of tool use and educational practice. As a result, when interventions are designed and implemented without a working understanding of existing practices and workplace conditions, incompatibilities between the demands of the innovation and the constraints of the local setting may result. Instructional designers need robust accounts of local practice, which can ground the design of new initiatives and provide insights into why initiatives are encountering resistance or undesirable adaptations. This brief presents findings from an empirical analysis of course planning and classroom teaching related to instructional technology with the specific aim of providing actionable evidence for policymakers and practitioners. In particular, this analysis focuses on describing the types of instructional technologies faculty consider as part of their local resource base, the specific decision-making "pathways" related to the incorporation of technology into lesson plans, and how faculty actually use technology in the classroom.

As newer technologies become increasingly more popular, a desire to incorporate them as learning tools will begin to mount in the name of good “instructional technology” practices. As a result, the selection and integration of these technologies into the college classroom can take many forms and directly impact the effectiveness of student instruction. Also, like most other aspects of education, technology is susceptible to a variety of complementary factors that influence its level of success such as adult learning principles, curricular limitations, pedagogical strategies, as well as personal, institutional and societal barriers. Identifying how faculty members are using technology in the classroom may prove to be invaluable in developing a catalog of current practices and new opportunities for integration that can span fields of study, as well as enhance new ways of learning

The impact technology has on learning often impacts the success of both the student and instructor. Consequently, attention may be paid to what teachers need to know in order to incorporate technology in the classroom…but little attention is paid to how. Mishra and Koehler (2006) introduced the “Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge” (TPCK) framework that compensates for this lack of focus on the how, and “goes beyond merely identifying problems with current approaches” and instead “offers new ways of looking at and perceiving phenomena and offers information on which to base sound, pragmatic decision making” (p. 1019). TPCK which incorporates “Technology” as a third emphasis in Shulman’s already widely popular “Pedagogical Content Knowledge” framework is described as:

In order to effectively integrate technology into the college classroom we must consider the student and their requirements as adults, and as millennials.  The challenge for us as faculty is to align these learning theories with the ingenuity of ourselves and others to maximize the learning experience for our students.