"Learning Strategies
Learning strategies refer to methods that students use to learn. This ranges from techniques for improved memory to better studying or test-taking strategies. For example, the method of loci is a classic memory improvement technique; it involves making associations between facts to be remembered and particular locations. In order to remember something, you simply visualize places and the associated facts.
Some learning strategies involve changes to the design of instruction. For example, the use of questions before, during or after instruction has been shown to increase the degree of learning (see Ausubel). Methods that attempt to increase the degree of learning that occurs have been called "mathemagenic" (Ropthkopf, 1970).
A typical study skill program is SQ3R which suggests 5 steps: (1) survey the material to be learned, (2) develop questions about the material, (3) read the material, (4) recall the key ideas, and (5) review the material.
Research on metacognition may be relevant to the study of learning strategies in so far as they are both concerned with control processes. A number of learning theories emphasize the importance of learning strategies including: double loop learning ( Argyris ), conversation theory (Pask), and lateral thinking ( DeBono ). Weinstein (1991) discusses learning strategies in the context of social interaction, an important aspect of Situated Learning Theory.
References:
H.F. O'Neil (1978). Learning strategies. New York: Academic Press.
H.F. O'Neil & C. Spielberger (1979). Cognitive and Affective Learning Strategies. New York: Academic Press.
Rothkopf, E. (1970). The concept of mathemagenic behavior. Review of Educational Research, 40, 325-336.
Schmeck, R.R. (1986). Learning Styles and Learning Strategies. NY: Plenum.
Weinstein, C.E., Goetz, E.T., & Alexander, P.A. (1986). Learning and Study Strategies. NY: Academic Press.
Weinstein, C.S. (1991). The classroom as a social context for learning. Annual Revi
Jim Burke shares how a question-driven classroom engages adolescents of the digital age inside schoo... How big questions engage and motivate students who have grown up digitally
Burdened by expanding curriculum and multiplying high-stakes assessment requirements, some of my respected colleagues might be forgiven for not integrating student journals into their courses. The most common objection: "Who has time?"
on the other hand, I just tried to change the color of my highlighter, and redo a highlight that supported a different conclusion, and Diigo would not let me--I learned that on my iPad
drains more mental resources than turning or clicking a page, which are simpler and more automatic gestures.
people reading on screens take a lot of shortcuts—they spend more time browsing, scanning and hunting for keywords compared with people reading on paper, and are more likely to read a document once, and only once.
When reading on screens, people seem less inclined
metacognitive learning regulation—strategies such as setting specific goals, rereading difficult sections and checking how much one has understood
Sellen has learned that many people do not feel much ownership of e-books because of their impermanence and intangibility: "They think of using an e-book, not owning an e-book," s
Participants in her studies say that when they really like an electronic book, they go out and get the paper version.
Why not keep paper and evolve screen-based reading into something else entirely?
Some Web comics and infographics turn scrolling into a strength rather than a weakness. S