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Govind Rao

Canadian health groups warn against commercial ultrasounds - The Globe and Mail - 0 views

  • KELLY GRANT - HEALTH REPORTER The Globe and Mail Published Wednesday, Feb. 19 2014,
  • The doctors who treat pregnant women are warning mothers-to-be against using “entertainment” ultrasounds solely to determine the sex of their fetuses.The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, along with the Canadian Association of Radiologists, put out a new joint policy statement this week calling for an end to ultrasounds offered by non-medical clinics.
Govind Rao

Varicose veins? Get ready to pay or wait; Newer, less invasive techniques for treating ... - 0 views

  • Vancouver Sun Tue Dec 15 2015
  • The combination of an aging population and limited publicly funded treatment for varicose veins has pushed waiting times for the surgery to more than a year in most of B.C. and a staggering three years-plus on Vancouver Island. "The treatments that are available and approved haven't kept pace with what's happening in the real world," says Dr. Jim Dooner, a Victoria-based vascular surgeon who adds a number of less invasive treatments are effective, but can only be purchased at a private clinic, including his own.
  • In the U.K., U.S. and even Russia, a range of non-surgical techniques are the recommended first option, says Dooner, formerly the chief of surgery for Vancouver Island Health Authority. These entail using ultrasound imaging to guide a probe through a small cut in the skin to the inside of veins that are no longer doing their job. They are then disabled with heat, a caustic fluid, foam or glue. But across Canada, provinces have left the treatment of varicose veins to private clinics by limiting hospital-based treatment to surgery, usually called vein stripping. In B.C., a patient will be told he or she can wait a few years for surgery or walk across the street to have an equally effective, less invasive treatment right away as long as they're willing to pay several thousand dollars.
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  • "It has been so undertreated (in the public system) that there's no way you can bring it into the 21st century without some expenditure," Dooner says. He suggests de-insuring older treatments such as sclerotherapy - the injection of saline fluid into veins to make them shrivel away - and putting that money into surgery.
  • At the root of the issue is the idea that varicose veins are a strictly cosmetic problem, says Dr. David Liu, an interventional radiologist at Vancouver General Hospital who also works in a private clinic with vascular surgeon Dr. Joel Gagnon. "Venous disease is really a redheaded stepchild of diseases because we're only starting to understand it now ... and the funding structures are based on antiquated concepts," Liu says.
  • Varicose veins can result in more serious leg damage if left untreated. The range of options and their prices can make it overwhelming for patients to choose, Liu says. Even worse are so-called vein clinics that aren't overseen by doctors using ultrasound imaging, where patients get superficial laser treatments, missing the underlying problem. Susanne Ziltener of Vancouver has experienced both traditional vein-stripping surgery and one of the new treatments, a medical glue approved last year for use in Canada. Liu and Gagnon were the first to use it in Western Canada. The 66-year-old waited about three years for the publicly-funded surgery and then paid $4,000 to have the other leg treated privately.
  • Ziltener says neither was particularly painful although she was dreading the surgery, based on the experience of her mother who had the same operation. The biggest difference in her experience was having to wear a compression bandage 24 hours a day for about a week following surgery, something not required after the less-invasive treatment. The choices are vast enough that B.C.'s Ministry of Health has created an online guide to walk people through their choices. In an emailed statement, ministry of health's Laura Heinze said officials reviewed alternatives to surgery this year and decided not to fund them because they are more expensive than surgery and results are similar.
  • Regarding waiting lists, the government added $10 million to the health system in June to reduce the number of people waiting more than 40 weeks for surgery, including surgery on varicose veins, she said. eellis@vancouversun.com Varicose veins The common condition is viewed as a cosmetic nuisance by most, but can lead to painful leg ulcers if severe cases are left untreated. What are varicose veins?
  • Bulging, painful veins typically in the lower leg, occur when valves inside them stop working properly and are no longer able to push blood upward to the heart. This causes it to flow backward and pool in the veins, pushing them into tortured shapes. The extra blood also makes legs feel heavy. What causes varicose veins? Family History Aging Pregnancy Being over weight Standing or sitting too long
  • Who gets them? At least 15 percent of Canadian adult have varicose vein although some estimates are much higher. What are the treatments? In all cases, the aim of treatment is to remove or disable damaged veins so healthier ones will take over the task of pushing blood upward. Surgery usually called vein stripping, entails making cuts in the skin above, below and in the middle of the vein to be removed, which is then pulled out. It is done under a general or spinal anesthetic.
  • Sclerotherapy is the injection of a saline solution directly into the vein where it irritates the lining of the blood vessel and causes its walls to stick together. It needs no anesthetic. Minimally Invasive technique are grouped under the heading of endogenous ablation, which is the destruction of veins from the inside using a tiny probe inserted through a cut in the skin which is then guided by ultrasound imaging. It can employ laser or radio frequency to heat and essentially cauterize the vein; a fluid or foam that causes the vein to collapse; or medical glue which sticks the walls of the vein together. It may require local anesthetic around the incision.
Irene Jansen

Medecins Québécois pour un Regime Public. Two-Tier Radiology: Quebec's Creep... - 2 views

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    Our 2012 annual report is now available in English The report shows: "While it has more material and human resources, Quebec is less effective than Canada as a whole in providing accessible medical imaging services. The exclusion from public coverage of CAT scan, MRI and ultrasound tests performed outside a hospital leads to joint public-private practice that has the effect of draining resources from the public to the private sector. This damaging distortion leads to problems of access to medical imaging for most patients…"  The report documents the inequitable, inefficient, costly and potentially unsafe utilization of medical imaging technology in Quebec's unique and highly privatized system.  One aspect, the relatively effective use of technology in hospitals compared to private clinics (which would be better yet if the system were entirely public), is clearly not limited to Quebec: "According to a 2008 study by Bercovici and Bell of public hospitals and private clinics offering MRIs in several provinces, including Quebec, the rate of use of machines is about 50% higher in hospitals than in private clinics: an average of 14.7 hours of operation per day during the week and 11.8 hours per day on weekends for hospital machines, compared to 9.7 hours per day during the week and 8.2 hours per day on weekends for machines in clinics." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2645224/ The recommendations are also valuable information. 
Irene Jansen

Groups call for blanket coverage for medical imaging (Montreal Gazette) - 1 views

  • However, Quebec radiologists are against universal coverage for the tests.
    • Irene Jansen
       
      Interesting, MQRP (CDM partner) is calling for public subsidies for medical imaging in private clinics while Quebec radiologists want more investment in hospitals. Explanation?
  • Four health associations representing Quebec doctors and medical students are demanding the province cover medical imaging done in private clinics.
  • the wait times for ultrasounds, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scans can be as long as two years in hospitals, while the same services are available in less than 24 hours in private clinics. For patients without private insurance, MRIs done outside of a hospital can cost between $700 and $1,000.
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  • Patients should have access based on their health needs, not their financial means, Alain Vadeboncoeur, head of Quebec Doctors for Medicare (Médecins québécois pour le régime public)
  • “We propose (the government) invest this money in the public network to make it more productive so more tests are done with existing resources. Start by maximizing the use of equipment in hospitals, which are often limited due to chronic underfunding,” association president Frédéric Desjardins said in a statement.
  • Quebec Health Minister Réjean Hébert said he is open to extending coverage, in particular for ultrasounds.
Govind Rao

$5M private clinic opening in Bedford - Nova Scotia - CBC News - 1 views

  • A Fredericton company says it’s investing $5 million to open a private medical clinic offering ultrasounds and advanced CT scans in Halifax. Atlantic Medical Imaging is selling access to what it calls a revolutionary CT scanner, the Aquilion One Vision by Toshiba Medical.
  • “If the public system wants to utilize our services, we could do that through the public system where the public pays for it. We pay for the infrastructure and the operations,” said Instrum
Govind Rao

Wait times for medical scans surge in Quebec: report; Radiologists can earn more chargi... - 0 views

  • Montreal Gazette Wed Dec 9 2015 Page: A2
  • Quebec reported the steepest increase this year of any province in wait times for medical imaging scans in Canada - a finding which suggests that the public system is being stretched to the limit, a national survey reveals. The 25th annual survey by the Fraser Institute found that the median wait time in hospital for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in Quebec jumped to 12 weeks this year from eight in 2014. By comparison, the median wait time for an MRI is five weeks in Ontario, unchanged from last year.
  • Wait times increased slightly for other medical imaging in Quebec, going up from four to five weeks for both ultrasounds and CT (computerized tomography) scans. (Although Prince Edward Island reported a considerably longer wait for ultrasounds, its survey sample size was much smaller than Quebec's and so its results are probably skewed, a Fraser Institute spokesperson said. In any case, P.E.I.'s wait times for MRIs decreased to 12 weeks from 16.) Unlike all other provinces, Quebec allows radiologists to work in both the public and private systems. Doctors are permitted by law to bill medicare for scans performed in hospital, and to bill patients for those same scans if conducted in a private clinic. This has proved to be a sore point for Health Canada, which has argued repeatedly that Quebec is flouting the accessibility principle of the Canada Health Act.
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  • Dr. Isabelle Leblanc, president of the pro-medicare group Médecins québécois pour le régime public, said the survey results show that radiologists in Quebec are increasingly choosing to work in the private sector to the detriment of the public system. "For us, this is the best example of how mixing the public and private systems can lead to decreased accessibility for most patients and increased accessibility for those who have the money to pay," Leblanc said. "Radiologists have no incentive to increase access in the public system, and in fact, they're draining resources from the public system." Leblanc explained that radiologists can earn more money charging patients for scans in private clinics than they would if they worked exclusively in hospital and billed the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec. Leblanc's group warned in a report three years ago that wait times for MRIs in hospital would increase.
  • "We're the province that has the highest number of MRI and CT scan machines per capita in the country - with a third of the machines in the private sector - and yet our public wait times are going up," Leblanc added. Health Minister Gaétan Barrette, a radiologist by profession who had worked in a private clinic before entering politics, was unavailable for comment. Officials with the Association des radiologistes du Québec could not be reached for comment, either. The Fraser Institute report observed little progress in cutting wait times for medically necessary surgery or treatments. The median wait time in Canada for treatment inched up to 18.3 weeks from 18.2 weeks last year. In Quebec, the median wait time for treatment by a specialist rose to 16.4 weeks from 7.3 weeks in 1993, when the Fraser Institute first started compiling such data. The median wait time denotes the midpoint for those waiting, as opposed to an average. In Quebec, the median wait time to see a medical specialist following referral from a general practitioner rose to 7.3 weeks from 7.1 weeks last year. The survey found that the longest median waits in Canada were for orthopedic surgery at 35.7 weeks, or almost nine months.
  • "These protracted wait times are not the result of insufficient spending but because of poor policy," Bacchus Barua, the author of the Fraser survey, said in a statement. "In fact, it's possible to reduce wait times without higher spending or abandoning universality. The key is to better understand the health policy experiences of other more successful universal healthcare systems around the developed world." aderfel@montrealgazette.com Twitter.com/Aaron_Derfel
  • The median wait time in hospital for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in Quebec jumped to 12 weeks this year from eight in 2014, a survey has revealed. Wait times also increased slightly for other medical imaging. ALLEN McINNIS-MONTREAL GAZETTE FILES • MONTREAL GAZETTE / Source: Fraser Institute
Govind Rao

Tracking the grey zone in Quebec health care: critics decry extra fees | Montreal Gazette - 0 views

  • November 15, 2015
  • November 15, 2015 |
  • When François Richard worried about an infection in his mouth, his doctor suggested he might have throat cancer. Richard said his physician outlined two choices: pay $250 up front for a quick test on the spot at the clinic or wait three months for a hospital appointment. Scared for his life, the Montrealer paid for the laboratory test immediately.
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    Quebec's first public registry of extra billing for medical services reported that 527 patients were billed a total $40 775 between February and August this year. Fees included $600 for eye drops and $135 for an ultrasound, with family doctors charging an average of $63 in extra fees and consultants an average of $91.
Heather Farrow

Kenney, Hoffman spar over private health care option; PC leadership hopeful calls for m... - 0 views

  • Calgary Herald Tue Aug 16 2016
  • Oh, no. We're into it again - back to the endless, arid Alberta debate on public versus private health care. Jason Kenney, the early bird unofficial Progressive Conservative leadership candidate, said Monday he thinks Albertans deserve more health options, on the models of Quebec and British Columbia. Kenney was answering questions about the Herald story that revealed MRI wait times in Calgary are up 20 per cent. Too many people are on the list who don't belong there, and the machines are idle too much of the time. "I think there needs to be more flexibility in the way the system is administered," Kenney told the CBC's David Gray.
  • "It means allowing people more options like the model in Quebec, which is universal and complies with the Canada Health Act." The interviewer asked if that means more private care. "As long as it's competition within the public system and everybody gets access to quality health care, I don't see any reason why Albertans should have less
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  • choices than British Columbians or Quebecers do," answered Kenney. Health Minister Sarah Hoffman has an answer: if Kenney wants a policy brawl over the injection of more private options, he's welcome to it. "I'm not surprised that he's trying to find ways to expand privatization in the health-care system," she said in an interview. "Certainly, that's unfortunate." As you'd expect from a federal Conservative, Kenney blames centralized decision-making. "I just believe that local management of resources is a lot more sensible than hyper-centralized control," he told the Herald. "You know, when hospitals are given a limited budget for a limited number of hours they can service people, that gets out of alignment with the actual local demand."
  • But Hoffman figures Albertans don't want another major shift in how health care is run, after watching a pack of failed experiments in the PCs' waning years. She has doctors and officials working on two related problems - how to get more use out of the city's publicly owned MRI machines, and how to make sure everyone on the list really needs the test. I asked if she eventually plans to fold the province's vast array of private clinics, including imaging centres, under the government wing through public ownership.
  • We're not planning on doing a full overhaul," she said. "In general, Albertans are proud of what we've got. I don't have any drastic plans for changing the way those programs are administered." As often happens, when you sift through the rhetoric the opponents are quite close together. Most New Democrats would agree with another Kenney statement (as long as they're weren't aware who said it): "We need to ensure our health care has adequate funding, that it's publicly administered, that it's universally available, that it complies with the Canada Health Act." The key point is not who owns the assets, but who pays the bill. If health care pays, it hardly matters whether you get the test in a public hospital or a private clinic.
  • The MRI dispute is a good example of how the public-private debate has become so futile and misleading. Nine MRI machines in Calgary are publicly owned. They perform the tests for people on the waiting list. But there are also three MRIs in privately owned clinics.
  • The province doesn't fund MRI tests in those private clinics. The PCs wouldn't, and now the NDP won't either. And yet, health care funds virtually every other imaging test, including X-rays, ultrasounds and mammograms. Those exams are done every day in the very same clinics that own the private MRIs. The cost of a private test is $750, which probably explains why those machines are underused despite the long public wait.
  • Simple answer, right? The province should just start funding tests on the private MRIs. Asked why she doesn't do that, Hoffman says, "Why would you pay to rent something when you already own it and you're only using it half the time?" OK then, why not use what you've got? Why does that have to be so ridiculously difficult? Health care in Alberta is extraordinarily complex, and because of that, far beyond the reach of simplistic rhetoric about private and public delivery. That debate is just a distraction from the real issue - making the system work. Do that, please. Don Braid's column appears regularly in the Herald dbraid@postmedia.com
Govind Rao

Milking the sacred cow to death - Infomart - 0 views

  • Winnipeg Free Press Tue Mar 22 2016
  • Another day, another scare tactic. It seems to be the daily diet of this provincial election campaign, with every NDP response to the Tories' announcements tagged with the same refrain: fear for your jobs; fear for your future. This weekend, NDP Leader Greg Selinger and his team effectively said the Progressive Conservatives were taking the knife to a sacred cow -- health care. Hospitals will be closed, nurses will be fired.
  • Tory Leader Brian Pallister has said only that his government would launch a task force to look into reducing wait times, which sounds like a reprise of the work that's been done, to no great benefit, by the NDP in the last 17 years. Wait times, especially when it comes to the ER, have been exhaustively studied.
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  • Manitobans should hope for cuts, in the right places. Patients in Manitoba suffer longer wait times trying to see a doctor in the ER than in almost all jurisdictions across Canada. The numbers have been repeatedly crunched by the Canadian Institute for Health Information, a national health-care analysis agency. Manitobans wait, on average, 5.7 hours in the ER, compared with the national average of just over three hours. Repeated interventions and promises to cut queues here have failed and the lines are growing longer.
  • But that might have been expected, since data also show that more patients who need admission onto medical wards are lying in wait in the ER, because (for example) there aren't enough nursing home beds for elderly people ready to be discharged. This may explain why the NDP government's strategy to open quick-care community clinics has not eased the pressure on emergency rooms.
  • And despite the addition of hundreds of millions of dollars more in the health budget, Manitobans are still waiting too long for services such as knee replacements, ultrasounds or MRIs that are key to getting in to see a specialist and then get surgery, months down the road.
  • There is room to cut costs in government and public services, to use money more efficiently in smarter ways -- Manitoba spends more per capita, and as a share of its GDP, on health than most provinces. Yet, Mr. Pallister, an MLA in the cost-cutting days of the Filmon era, has chosen to tiptoe around the idea of cutting government expenses in the areas of health and education. He has said no frontline workers will lose their jobs, but that still leaves a lot of room for change.
  • Manitoba hospitals are run and funded much the way they have been for decades, which suits the institutions' needs, not those of patients. Budgets, for example, are funded basically to match hospital spending in the previous year, with a bit more for inflation or for new programs. Other jurisdictions with as good or better systems (including those in Canada) have moved to tie budgets instead to the volume of services delivered. This helps spur innovation that puts patients at the centre of service. Further, European countries, outperforming Manitoba and Canada's medicare system for quality and cost, have universal systems that blend private and public funding.
  • The fear of private health care is almost palpable in Canada because Canadians can't see past the U.S. model, which sits next door like an elephant waiting to roll over. But Canada has more in common with, and more to learn from, the European experience, where social-welfare systems are equally strong and tied to national identity.
  • Mr. Selinger's sacred-cow analogy means he will milk the scare tactics to death. Manitobans need a better prescription for what ails our health system. It's up to opposition parties to start talking about that.
Irene Jansen

Thomas Wellner: Looking at the big picture from the ground up - The Globe and Mail - 1 views

  • After more than two decades in the pharmaceutical business, mostly in international jobs with drug giant Eli Lilly, Thomas Wellner moved into the top spot at CML HealthCare Inc. in February. CML runs a network of medical labs in Ontario and imaging clinics that perform X-rays, ultrasounds and mammograms in three provinces.
  • recently retreated from an unsuccessful foray into the United States
  • health care is a very personal thing and people should have more choices as to how they allocate their own resources to it.
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  • One of Mr. Wellner’s first jobs is to develop an expansion plan to add some growth to the company’s profile.
  • We have the capability to provide high-quality MRI services but, based on our licence restrictions, we are not able to service all the patients we get. We get lots of patients who say that they would gladly pay additional fees if they would not have to wait 100 or more days for an MRI, or to go to a less-convenient location. We could provide that, if we had some loosening of the restrictions.
  • We could go into a jurisdiction that has a single-payer market [where we could] deliver services very similarly to how we deliver them in Ontario. There are three or four countries that have that type of model in Europe. There are a couple in Asia that fit. Even places such as the United Arab Emirates and also potentially India.
Govind Rao

Health care 'grey zone' stings Quebec patients; Pointe-Saint-Charles clinic's registry ... - 0 views

  • Montreal Gazette Mon Nov 16 2015
  • When François Richard worried about an infection in his mouth, his doctor suggested he might have throat cancer. Richard said his physician outlined two choices: pay $250 up front for a quick test on the spot at the clinic or wait three months for a hospital appointment. Scared for his life, the Montrealer paid for the laboratory test immediately. Richard is one of 527 Quebec patients who responded to the Pointe-Saint-Charles community health clinic's registry documenting hidden charges billed for care, medication and services - $600 for eye drops, $30 for filling out a form, $25 for a five-minute phone consultation or renewing a prescription, and $135 for an ultrasound at a clinic that served as an overflow for a hospital.
  • It's Quebec's first public registry of its kind of fees billed for medical services, and it confirms extra or shady billing threatens access to medical services and care. The Pointe-Saint-Charles clinic launched the registry last year after it became clear that billing patients directly isn't a marginal practice. It's widespread among family physicians and specialists.
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  • According to the registry, 527 patients were billed a total of $40,775 between Feb. 15 and Aug. 2015. Respondents noted feeling indignant about the injustice of having to pay amounts they considered exorbitant for medical care. Some said they couldn't afford to pay - they needed the money for groceries or rent. User fees for insured medical services covered by the provincial health insurance board are illegal. But there's a grey zone, and for years many physicians and clinics have quietly been applying extra, arbitrary or excessive fees for exams and medications covered in hospitals. Led by the clinic's Comité de lutte en santé, the registry also showed that rates for medical services levied on patients varied among professionals, the clinic's co-ordinator Luc Leblanc said Sunday.
  • "It's a two-tiered system. One for those who can pay and one for those who can't," he said. Data analysis shows the average amount demanded by family doctors was $63, and the average for specialists was $91. The biggest category is medications or anaesthetics, followed by administrative charges like photocopies or filling forms. Adopted last week, Quebec Health Minister Gaétan Barrette's Bill 20 included a set of amendments to legalize fees charged to patients in clinics for insured services, commonly called "accessory fees." The list of regulated ancillary fees will come later, after the government hires an independent accounting firm to determine real costs.
  • But Leblanc noted the public wasn't consulted because "initially Bill 20 made no mention of the possibility of accessory fees," Leblanc said. And there are no prior government studies or surveys to determine the scope or impact of current fees on patients, he added. The introduction of user fees is a serious threat to universal care, critics said, including the Canadian Medical Association, Quebec Medical Association, Canadian Doctors for Medicare, and Médecins québécois pour le régime publique (MQRP), who asked Barrette to hold offon regulating fees in October.
  • Charging patients at doctors offices and clinics for medically necessary care isn't acceptable, said Isabelle Leblanc, president of the pro-medicare group, Médécins québécois pour le régime publique. It strikes at the heart of the principle that access to health care should be based on need rather than ability to pay, she added. The clinic's health committee is calling on Barrette to suspend extra fees and on the new federal Health Minister Jane Philpott "to act immediately to force Quebec to respect the Canada Health Act," said Louis Blouin of the committee. The committee is continuing to document billing in its online registry. It can be found on the Pointe-Saint-Charles clinic website cfidelman@montrealgazette.com twitter.com/HealthIssues
Govind Rao

New legislation restricts access to services; The change in the federal government will... - 0 views

  • The StarPhoenix (Saskatoon) Mon Nov 23 2015
  • There is nothing novel about providing some medical services in a private practice setting in Saskatchewan. Imaging services, such as X-rays and ultrasound, are already provided that way. What is novel is to legislate that these services will be privately paid for.
  • The Canada Health Act requires that medicare finance all "medically necessary" physician services. The intent of the act is that services be distributed on the basis of medical necessity rather than ability to pay. There is no doubt that the new Saskatchewan legislation will restrict access to services if private MRIs are not covered by medicare. Of course, enforcement of the federal Health Act is subject to ministerial discretion. The Saskatchewan government, when it drafted its legislation, was probably confident that the former federal minister would be discreet. It is highly doubtful that the new federal Liberal government will take the same view
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  • But Saskatchewan's Health Minister Dustin Duncan seems to believe that a novel feature in their "model" will make it palatable: MRI providers will be required to provide a "public" MRI for each private MRI sold. There is great fog around this stipulation. MRI clinics in Alberta and British Columbia provide a menu of services, just like an auto repair shop. Of course, it is difficult to identify prices for Canadian MRIs because their websites, while advertising "competitive" prices, ask you to contact them. The United States is more "competitive." For example, Ohio law requires hospitals to publish their prices. The website for medcentral.org lists more than 40 items in its MRI price list.
  • Here is my question: If a Saskatchewan MRI provider does a foot scan for a private patient, does it then have to do a foot scan for a public patient? How will this be monitored? Also, when does the public patient get her foot scan? If a paying patient is standing in the door, does the MRI provider say, "Sorry, you have to wait till we provide the public foot scan that we owe?" How is this monitored? Does the government pay for the patient from the public list? If so, at what price?
  • Is this simply a revenue guarantee in disguise? Undoubtedly Bill 179 provides for wide ministerial discretion. Can we bank on the minister being discreet? This model is bizarre. If the provincial government is seeking ways to provide more MRIs without having to incur the upfront capital costs and to remove the operating costs from its budget, then just negotiate MRI fees in the physician fee schedule, as currently occurs with other imaging services.
  • However, it might quickly become obvious that the private modality cannot compete with cost effective public provision. Glen Beck is emeritus professor of health economics at the University of Saskatchewan.
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