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A second poll, commissioned by the Canadian Alliance for Long Term Care (CALTC), found that just 18 per cent of citizens believe that hospital and longterm care homes would be able to meet the needs of the aging population, and only 20 per cent think there will be enough trained staff to provide adequate care. The CALTC survey also showed that the top three concerns about the health-care system are long wait times for surgery, lack of access to long-term care and insufficient home-care services. Candace Chartier, chief executive officer of the Ontario Long Term Care Association, agreed that public angst is growing. "How we are going to care for our aging population is the No. 1 concern of Canadians," she said. "The public realizes what's coming down the pipeline and they're frustrated that governments aren't reacting." In fact, both polls showed that voters want the federal government to take a leadership role on seniors' care, but they also realize this has to be done in conjunction with the provinces.

In the survey conducted for the CMA, 89 per cent said the next prime minister needs to make addressing the health needs of Canada's aging population an "urgent priority," while the CALTC poll found that 93 per cent believe Ottawa has an obligation to ensure Canadians have equitable access to care, regardless of where they live. A significant number of those surveyed, 57 per cent, said that how they vote in the Oct. 19 federal election will depend, at least in part, on which party has the best plan to address seniors' health care. Seniors now represent 15 per cent of the population, up from 8 per cent in 1971. By the time all of the baby boomers have reached 65, they will make up an estimated 25 per cent of the population.

While this demographic shift is having an enormous impact on demand for services, the health system has been slow to adjust and is struggling to keep pace. The result is seen, among other things, in the rationing of home care, ever-worsening shortages of nursing home and longterm care spots, hospital beds filling up with frail seniors with nowhere else to go, inadequate hospice and palliative-care services, and stubbornly long wait times for surgery.

Dr. Simpson stressed that the answer to these woes is not necessarily more money but delivering care differently by, for example, shifting spending from institutional care to home care, and placing much more emphasis on prevention. "Seniors today want to age well at home and in the community, and health-care professionals (and politicians) need to tune in to those aspirations," he said. The CMA poll, conducted by Ipsos Reid, surveyed 2,008 Canadian adults between July 20 and 24. It is considered accurate to within 2.5 percentage points, 19 times out of 20. The CALTC poll, conducted by Nanos, surveyed 1,000 Canadian between June 18 and 20. It is considered accurate to within 3.1 percentage points, 19 times out of 20.

Dr. Isabelle Leblanc, president of the pro-medicare group Médecins québécois pour le régime public, said the survey results show that radiologists in Quebec are increasingly choosing to work in the private sector to the detriment of the public system. "For us, this is the best example of how mixing the public and private systems can lead to decreased accessibility for most patients and increased accessibility for those who have the money to pay," Leblanc said. "Radiologists have no incentive to increase access in the public system, and in fact, they're draining resources from the public system." Leblanc explained that radiologists can earn more money charging patients for scans in private clinics than they would if they worked exclusively in hospital and billed the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec. Leblanc's group warned in a report three years ago that wait times for MRIs in hospital would increase.

"We're the province that has the highest number of MRI and CT scan machines per capita in the country - with a third of the machines in the private sector - and yet our public wait times are going up," Leblanc added. Health Minister Gaétan Barrette, a radiologist by profession who had worked in a private clinic before entering politics, was unavailable for comment. Officials with the Association des radiologistes du Québec could not be reached for comment, either. The Fraser Institute report observed little progress in cutting wait times for medically necessary surgery or treatments. The median wait time in Canada for treatment inched up to 18.3 weeks from 18.2 weeks last year. In Quebec, the median wait time for treatment by a specialist rose to 16.4 weeks from 7.3 weeks in 1993, when the Fraser Institute first started compiling such data. The median wait time denotes the midpoint for those waiting, as opposed to an average. In Quebec, the median wait time to see a medical specialist following referral from a general practitioner rose to 7.3 weeks from 7.1 weeks last year. The survey found that the longest median waits in Canada were for orthopedic surgery at 35.7 weeks, or almost nine months.

"These protracted wait times are not the result of insufficient spending but because of poor policy," Bacchus Barua, the author of the Fraser survey, said in a statement. "In fact, it's possible to reduce wait times without higher spending or abandoning universality. The key is to better understand the health policy experiences of other more successful universal healthcare systems around the developed world." aderfel@montrealgazette.com Twitter.com/Aaron_Derfel

The median wait time in hospital for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in Quebec jumped to 12 weeks this year from eight in 2014, a survey has revealed. Wait times also increased slightly for other medical imaging. ALLEN McINNIS-MONTREAL GAZETTE FILES • MONTREAL GAZETTE / Source: Fraser Institute

In 2012, age-related needs were identified as the single most common problem requiring help from caregivers (28%) (Chart 1). This was followed by cancer (11%), cardio-vascular disease (9%), mental illness (7%), and Alzheimer’s disease and dementia (6%).

The majority of caregivers reported providing transportation to their primary care receiver, making it the most frequent type of care provided in the last 12 months (73%)

Most often, caregivers spent under 10 hours a week on caregiving duties. In particular, one-quarter of caregivers (26%) reported spending one hour or less per week caring for a family member or friend. Another 32% reported spending an average of 2 to 4 hours per week and 16% spent 5 to 9 hours per week on caregiving activities.  

The most common types of care were not always the ones most likely to be performed on a regular basis (i.e., at least once a week). For instance, despite the fact that personal care and providing medical assistance were the least common forms of care, when they were performed, these tasks were most likely to be done more regularly.

Emotional support often accompanied other help to the care receiver. Nearly nine in ten caregivers (88%) reported spending time with the person, talking with and listening to them, cheering them up or providing some other form of emotional support. Virtually all caregivers (96%) ensured that the ill or disabled family member or friend was okay, either by visiting or calling.

Overall, caregivers spent a median of 3 hours a week caring for an ill or disabled family member or friend. This climbed to a median of 10 hours per week for caregivers assisting a child and 14 hours for those providing care to an ill spouse (Chart 3).

In addition, about half of caregivers (51%) reported that they performed tasks inside the care recipients’ home in the last 12 months, such as preparing meals, cleaning, and laundry. Another 45% reported providing assistance with house maintenance or outdoor work.

For some, caregiving was a large part of their life - equivalent to a full time job. Approximately one in ten caregivers were spending 30 or more hours a week providing some form of assistance to their ill family member or friend.  These caregivers were most likely caring for an ill spouse (31%) or child (29%).5

The actual time spent performing tasks is often combined with time needed to travel to provide care. Approximately three-quarters (73%) of caregivers indicated that they did not live in the same household or building as their care receiver, meaning they often had to travel to reach the care recipients’ home. Just over half (52%), however, reported having to travel less than 30 minutes by car.  Roughly 12% of caregivers provided help to a family member who lived at least one hour away by car.

Certain health conditions required more hours of care. This was the case for developmental disabilities or disorders, where 51% of these caregivers were spending at least 10 hours a week providing help

Caregivers have multiple responsibilities beyond caring for their chronically ill, disabled or aging family member or friend. In 2012, 28% of caregivers could be considered “sandwiched” between caregiving and childrearing, having at least one child under 18 years living at home

Four provinces had rates above the national average of 28%, including Ontario (29%), Nova Scotia (31%), Manitoba (33%) and Saskatchewan (34%) (Textbox Chart 1). The higher levels of caregiving in Ontario, Nova Scotia and Manitoba were largely related to caring for a loved one suffering from a chronic health condition or disability, whereas in Saskatchewan, the higher level of caregiving was attributed to aging needs. 

Historically, caregivers have been disproportionally women (Cranswick and Dosman 2008). This was also true in 2012, when an estimated 54% of caregivers were women.

Although the median number of caregiving hours was similar between men and women (3 and 4 hours per week, respectively), women were more likely than their male counterparts to spend 20 or more hours per week on caregiving tasks (17% versus 11%). Meanwhile, men were more likely than women to spend less than one hour per week providing care (29% versus 23%) (Chart 5).

For instance, they were twice as likely as their male counterparts to provide personal care to the primary care receiver, including bathing and dressing (29% versus 13%).

Caring for an ill or disabled family member or friend can span months or years. For the vast majority of caregivers (89%), their caregiving activities had been going on at least one year or longer, with half reporting they had been caring for a loved one for four years or more.

The aging of the population, higher life expectancies and the shift in emphasis from institutionalized care to home care may suggest that more chronically ill, disabled and frail people are relying on help from family and friends than in the past. Using the GSS, it is possible to examine the changes in the number of caregivers aged 45 years and older, recognizing that methodological differences between survey cycles warrant caution when interpreting any results.

Bearing in mind these caveats, results from the GSS show that between 2007 and 2012, the number of caregivers aged 45 and over increased by 760,000 to 4.5 million caregivers, representing a 20% increase in the number of caregivers over the five years.

Having less time with children was an often cited outcome of providing care to a chronically ill, disabled, or aging family member or friend. About half (49%) of caregivers with children under 18 indicated that their caregiving responsibilities caused them to reduce the amount of time spent with their children.6

Overall, the vast majority of caregivers (95%) indicated that they were effectively coping with their caregiving responsibilities, with only 5% reporting that they were not coping well.7 However, the feeling of being unable to cope grew with a greater number of hours of care. By the time caregivers were spending 20 or more hours per week on caregiving tasks, one in ten (10%) were not coping well.  

In addition, while most were able to effectively manage their caregiving responsibilities, 28% found providing care somewhat or very stressful and 19% of caregivers indicated that their physical and emotional health suffered in the last 12 months as a result of their caregiving responsibilities.

The health consequences of caregiving were even more pronounced when caregivers were asked specific questions on their health symptoms. Over half (55%) of caregivers felt worried or anxious as a result of their caregiving responsibilities, while about half (51%) felt tired during the past 12 months (Chart 8). Other common symptoms associated with providing care included feeling short-tempered or irritable (36%), feeling overwhelmed (35%) and having a disturbed sleep (34%).8

The financial impacts related to caring for a loved one can be significant. Lost days at work may reduce household income, while out-of-pocket expenses, such as purchasing specialized aids or devices, transportation costs, and hiring professional help to assist with care, can be borne from caring for a loved one. In many cases, financial support, from either informal or formal sources, can ease the financial burden associated with caregiving responsibilities. Overall, about one in five caregivers (19%) were receiving some form of financial support. 

further state Medicaid cuts and alterations to Medicare funding that are on the table for the Congressional “super committee”

Click here to read the report.

Staffing levels were what influenced the ratings most, with a significant minority of families complaining there was no one available to help the resident eat or go to the toilet.

38 per cent gave the meals a failing grade of six or less.

Ruth Adria, executive director of the Elder Advocates Society of Alberta, said the survey's most significant finding was that one-third of those who were unhappy with the care didn't complain to the facility because they were afraid the resident would face retribution from staff.

La Presse published a follow-up story the next day with a response from the Government of Quebec’s health ministry, saying the minister does not agree with the numbers in the study. The health ministry pointed to their own statistics, which showed a much shorter average wait time for surgery – 8.5 weeks instead of 19.9.

“I don’t think the report has much value because it’s a survey with a small sample size and questionable methodology,” Picard wrote in an email.

“At the very least I think media reports should have explained the limitations,” Picard said.

The La Presse story didn’t mention that Quebec’s health ministry starts calculating wait times from the moment the doctor decides the patient needs surgery. The Fraser Institute’s 19.9 weeks of waiting is calculated from the time the patient gets a referral to a specialist from their GP – a vital piece of information that would have explained some of the discrepancy.

“When wait times are measured in a scientific fashion using a common definition – such as in the Health Council of Canada annual report – the data are valuable,” Picard said.

Things continue to change in healthcare. The Health Care in Canada (HCIC) survey has repeatedly measured and reported nation-wide, real-world perceptions of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, health administrators and the public. Since 1998, the survey has focussed on, and compiled information regarding the availability and quality of contemporary healthcare, as well as priorities for future innovations. Findings from the 2013/2014 survey can help you and your organization with evidence-based health policy and practice decisions.

Quinte residents accounted for more than one-third of participants in last month’s study by the South East Local Health Integration Network (LHIN). The Health Care Tomorrow survey on hospital care showed patients’ top priority was access to care, such as shorter waits for emergency care and for diagnostic procedures.

France fared best on timely access to primary care, followed by New Zealand and Germany.

The survey of older residents in 11 countries was conducted by the Commonwealth Fund, a private U.S. foundation that regularly rates the quality of health care in developed countries, including the United States, Australia, New Zealand and seven European nations. CIHI, which is the Commonwealth Fund’s national partner on the study, released the detailed Canadian results on Thursday.

The annual report from Genworth, which sells policies to cover long-term care, looks at costs for a variety of services, including adult daycare, and home health aides. And nursing home bills are rising at the fastest pace, twice the rate of U.S. inflation over the last five years. One year in a nursing home now costs nearly as much as three years of tuition at a private college. For its report, Genworth surveyed 15,000 nursing homes, assisted living facilities and other providers across the country in January and February. It found wide differences from state to state. In Oklahoma, for instance, the median cost for a year in a nursing home came out to $60,225. In Connecticut, it was $158,775. Alaska had the highest costs by far, with one year at $281,415. So, who pays the nursing-home bill? "A lot of people believe Medicare will step in and cover them, but that's just not true," said Bruce Chernoff, president and CEO of The Scan Foundation, a charitable organization. Medicare will cover some short visits for recovery after a surgery, for instance, but not long-term stays.

Often enough, experts say senior citizens wind up spending their savings until they hit their last $2,000, and at that point they can turn to Medicaid, the government's health insurance for the poor, to help cover the bill. As a result, Medicaid pays for more than half of the country's long-term care bill. That cost accounts for more than a quarter of Medicaid spending, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Genworth and other insurers offer long-term care policies to help people shoulder the financial burden. But people have to be healthy enough to qualify for coverage. Those who take out policies find their insurance bill rises steadily as they age. Caldwell described Genworth's survey as essentially a marketing pitch. "Of course they want people to see how much it costs to sell long-term care insurance," he said. "What they're not telling you is that the long-term care coverage is becoming more and more unaffordable for middle-class families." Mounting costs have also pushed many insurance companies out of the business. Four of the five largest providers have either scaled back their business or stopped offering new policies. The largest provider, Genworth, has struggled under the weight of old policies. Less-intensive care remains much cheaper than staying at a nursing home, according to Genworth's survey. One year in in an assisted-living facility runs $43,200. A year of visits from an agency's home health aides runs $45,760.

In addition, close to two thirds of respondents believed there is currently insufficient qualified staff available in both home care (68.4 per cent) and long-term care (63.7 per cent) settings.

An overwhelming 77.6 per cent of respondents identified a strong preference for home care over institutional care.

The highest rating in the survey, 96 per cent, was given to the importance of having a qualified nurse on duty.