Skip to main content

Home/ CUPE Health Care/ Group items tagged overtreatment

Rss Feed Group items tagged

Irene Jansen

Eliminating Waste in US Health Care - - JAMA - 1 views

  • In just 6 categories of waste—overtreatment, failures of care coordination, failures in execution of care processes, administrative complexity, pricing failures, and fraud and abuse—the sum of the lowest available estimates exceeds 20% of total health care expenditures.
  • Obtaining savings directly—by simply lowering payments or paying for fewer services—seems the most obvious remedy.
  • Here is a better idea: cut waste.
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • The literature in this area identifies many potential sources of waste and provides a broad range of estimates of the magnitude of excess spending.
  • The Table shows estimates of the total cost of waste in each of these 6 categories both for Medicare and Medicaid and for all payers.
  • Failures of Care Delivery: the waste that comes with poor execution or lack of widespread adoption of known best care processes
  • this category represented between $102 billion and $154 billion in wasteful spending
  • Failures of Care Coordination: the waste that comes when patients fall through the slats in fragmented care.
  • represented between $25 billion and $45 billion in wasteful spending
  • Overtreatment: the waste that comes from subjecting patients to care that, according to sound science and the patients' own preferences, cannot possibly help them
  • represented between $158 billion and $226 billion in wasteful spending
  • Administrative Complexity
  • represented between $107 billion and $389 billion in wasteful spending
  • Pricing Failures: the waste that comes as prices migrate far from those expected in well-functioning markets, that is, the actual costs of production plus a fair profit.
  • US prices for diagnostic procedures such as MRI and CT scans are several times more than identical procedures in other countries.
  • represented between $84 billion and $178 billion in wasteful spending
  • Fraud and Abuse
  • represented between $82 billion and $272 billion in wasteful spending
  • Addressing the wedge designated “overtreatment,” for example, would require identifying specific clinical procedures, tests, medications, and other services that do not benefit patients and using a range of levers in policy, payment, training, and management to reduce their use in appropriate cases. The National Priorities Partnership program at the National Quality Forum has produced precisely such a list in cooperation with and with the endorsement of relevant medical specialty societies.
Irene Jansen

M. McGregor and D. Martin. 2012. Testing 1, 2, 3. Is overtesting undermining patient an... - 0 views

  • the guideline committees that make recommendations do not appear to consider cost-effectiveness, opportunity costs, and the potential harms of decisions to broaden screening guidelines
  • Not only are we screening with widespread laboratory testing at younger ages, but our definition of disease is also shifting.
  • In BC, there has been a 13.9% increase per year in treatment rates for 8 chronic diseases, beyond what would be expected for the changing demographic characteristics of the population
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Either British Columbians are rapidly becoming much sicker, or this increase in prevalence is a reflection of what Welch and colleagues describe as “looking harder” and “changing the rules.”
  • about one-third of the increasing cost of testing is related to physician adherence to guidelines
  • patients now often request particular tests
  • Earlier diagnoses and more aggressive treatments appeal to our self-definition as fighters of illness—and we all shudder at the successful lawsuit against the physician who did not screen
  • we use them as therapy of a sort, giving hope to the patient that we will find an explanation for the symptoms instead of admitting that we do not know and might never know the exact cause of the problem
  • At the highest level, there needs to be a broader evaluation of guidelines. Such evaluation needs to have representation from policy thinkers and health economists in addition to family doctors, other specialists, patients, and the public.
  • the opportunity costs of deciding to implement widespread laboratory testing for healthy people, compared with adopting population-based policies, such as 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week access to community recreation facilities and social housing, or free access to smoking cessation supports, should be debated.
  • Tests and repeat tests that are deemed to be of less benefit or not worth the opportunity-cost trade-off should be delisted.
Irene Jansen

'Chemical cosh' drugs given to 50pc more dementia patients than thought - Telegraph - 0 views

  • national efforts to reduce inappropriate prescribing of anti-psychotic drugs, are not working as well as believed.
  • too often they are used to sedate care home residents and make them easier to handle.
  • those living in institutions were more than three times more likely to be on anti-psychotics than those living at home.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • possible to reduce or withdraw the drugs from more than 60 per cent of patients
Irene Jansen

Should You Run from that Medical Test? Interview with Alan Cassels. The Tyee - 0 views

  • In his latest book, Seeking Sickness (Greystone Books
  • what have the independent experts said about the value of the screening. The United States Preventive Services Task Force is one of them. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care, that's the Canadian equivalent. Most of the stuff you see about prevention is biased. For every one site like this funded by the taxpayer with largely no conflicts of interest, there's a hundred sites that will tell you other things.
  • there is often little evidence they actually extend lives and in some cases they are likely to lead to more harm than good
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • the consumer is naked in the screening market place. There's no one really protecting people from being exposed to screening that is neither recommended, didn't have scientific support, that had evidence of harm in terms of exposure to radiation and good evidence that kind of screening causes huge amounts of follow up in the average person
  • They're marketed as providing peace of mind, when they are statistically more likely to do the opposite, which is to give you a bunch of things you now have to worry about that you never knew you had to worry about before.
  • they may say prostate cancer screening improves survival time, as opposed to improving survival, meaning the time you survive after they've diagnosed you with the disease. If you're tied to the railway track, and the train's coming down the track and it's going to hit you at a particular time, you can see it maybe without binoculars at five miles, say a five year survival rate. Or, if you use the screening test, binoculars, you can see it at seven miles. Your survival time has improved. The date at which the train hits you does not change, but the statistics look like the survival time has improved by two years.
  • Cassels looks at tests that are commonly given to healthy people, including screens for prostate cancer, breast cancer, osteoporosis and high cholesterol.
  • the business model depends on overdiagnosis and over treatment
  • There's a huge gap in the pharmaceutical world between what the marketers or advertisers say and what the evidence says. In screening it's the same niche
  • It's a bigger tent. There's the patient advocates, the radiologists, the urologists, the specialists and the others who are pushing various types of screening. And the drug industry is there too.
  • You don't need to prove the benefits of a screening test before you launch it on the public.
  • many doctors feel they have lawyers looking over their shoulders as they consider whether or not to recommend a screen
  • I think that's a largely US thing, but I think it motivates physicians here as well.
Govind Rao

Study questions thousands of surgeries; Toronto-led researchers find many breast cancer... - 0 views

  • Toronto Star Fri Aug 21 2015
  • As many as 60,000 North American women each year are told they have a very early stage of breast cancer - Stage 0, as it is commonly known - a possible precursor to what could be a deadly tumour. And almost every one of the women has either a lumpectomy or a mastectomy, and often a double mastectomy, removing a healthy breast as well. Yet it now appears that treatment may make no difference in their outcomes. Patients with this condition had close to the same likelihood of dying of breast cancer as women in the general population, and the few who died did so despite treatment, not for lack of it, researchers led by Dr. Steven A. Narod of the Women's College Research Institute in Toronto reported Thursday in JAMA Oncology. Working with Narod were Dr. Javaid Iqbal, Ping Sun and Victoria Sopik of Women's College and Dr. Javaid Iqbal and Vasily Giannakeas of the University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health. Their conclusions were based on the most extensive collection of data ever analyzed on the condition, known as ductal carcinoma in situ, or DCIS: 100,000 women followed for 20 years. The findings are likely to fan debate about whether tens of thousands of patients are undergoing unnecessary and sometimes disfiguring treatments for premalignant conditions that are unlikely to develop into life-threatening cancers.
  • The notion that most women with DCIS might not need mastectomies or lumpectomies can be agonizing for those, like Therese Taylor of Mississauga, who have already gone through such treatment. Four years ago, when she was 51, a doctor sent her for a mammogram, telling her he felt a lump in her right breast. That breast was fine, but it turned out she had DCIS in her left breast. A surgeon, she said, told her that "it was consistent with cancer" and that she should have a mastectomy. "I went into a state of shock and fear," Taylor said. She had the surgery. She regrets it. "It takes away your feeling of attractiveness," she said. "Compared to women who really have cancer, it is nothing. But the mastectomy was for no reason, and that's why it bothers me."
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Others drew back from that advice. Dr. Monica Morrow, chief breast cancer surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, said it made more sense to view DCIS as a cancer precursor that should be treated the way it is now, with a lumpectomy or mastectomy. She questioned whether those women who were treated and ended up dying of breast cancer anyway had been misdiagnosed. In some cases, pathologists look at only a small amount of tumour, Morrow said, and could have missed areas of invasive cancer. Even the best mastectomy leaves cells behind, she added, which could explain why a small number of women with DCIS who had mastectomies, even double mastectomies, died of breast cancer.
  • Brawley said the new study, by showing which DCIS patients were at highest risk, would help enormously in defining who might benefit from treatment. It could not show that the high-risk women - young, black or with tumours with ominous molecular markers - were helped by treatment because there were too few of them, and pretty much every one of them was treated. But Brawley said he would like to see clinical trials that addressed that question, as well as whether the rest of the women with DCIS, 80 per cent of them, would be fine without treatment or with anti-estrogen drugs like tamoxifen or raloxifene that can reduce overall breast cancer risk. But if DCIS is actually a risk factor for invasive cancer, rather than a precursor, it might be possible to help women reduce their risk, perhaps with hormonal or immunological therapies to change the breast environment, making it less hospitable to cancer cells, Esserman said. "As we learn more, that gives us the courage to try something different," she said. The stakes in this debate are high. Karuna Jaggar, executive director of Breast Cancer Action, an education and activist organization, said women tended not to appreciate the harms of overtreatment and often overestimated their risk of dying of cancer, making them react with terror.
  • "Treatment comes with short- and long-term impacts," Jaggar said, noting that women who get cancer treatment are less likely to be employed several years later and tend to earn less than before. There are emotional tolls and strains on relationships. And there can be complications from breast cancer surgery, including lymphedema, a permanent pooling of lymphatic fluid in the arm. "These are not theoretical harms," Jaggar said.
1 - 6 of 6
Showing 20 items per page