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"Biomass for energy often mean plant base material although can equally apply to both animal and vegetable draw from material. Biomass is actually a biological material derive form living or recently living organisms. Biomass chemical composition is carbon based and is composed of a mixture of organic molecules containing hydrogen, usually including atoms of oxygen, often nitrogen and also small quantities of other atoms, including alkali, alkaline earth and heavy metals, metals are often found in functional molecules such as the porphyrins which include chlorophyll which contains magnesium. There are five basic categories of material of biomass such as: *Virgin wood- from forestry, arboriculture activities or from wood processing. *Energy crops- high yield crops grown specifically for energy applications *Agricultural residues- residues from agriculture harvesting or processing * Food waste- from food and drink manufacture, preparation and processing, and post-consumer waste *Industrial waste and co-products- from manufacturing and industrial processes."

http://www.greenoptions.com/t/5219/crown-jakarta-capital-eco-management-news-green-investment-bank Investment of £4.9 million to be provided for the replacement of inefficient heating systems with biomass boilers Energy Saving Investments (ESI), an Equitix managed fund in which the UK Green Investment Bank (GIB) is a cornerstone investor, has announced a fund of £4.9 million for its first energy efficiency project. The funding will join a further £5.1 million investment provided by the Equitix Energy Efficiency Fund (EEEF) to replace inefficient heating systems with biomass boilers in both public and private community facilities. The £10 million investment is being made through the energy services company Roundwood Energy Limitedwhich is responsible for financing, installing, maintaining and fuelling the new systems for a period of up to 20 years. The company is supported by its technology partner, Woodpecker Energy Limited of Yeovil, Somerset, which manufactures wood pellet and wood chip biomass boilers. Non-domestic energy efficiency (NDEE) is one of the Green Bank's priority sectors. The bank awarded the competitive fund mandate to Equitix to invest £50 million, matched by private investors, to drive investment in small-scale low carbon infrastructure requiring less than £30 million of financing. The investment could fund over 60 projects in both private and public sectors thereby saving customers up to 30 percent on their energy bills as well as reducing carbon emissions and supporting the green economy. Customers will not need to make an upfront capital investment in order to switch their heating systems to biomass and applications are now open. "The Green Investment Bank is helping to fund energy efficiency measures for everyone from our largest companies, to individual households through the Green Deal" said Shaun Kingsbury, Chief Executive of the Green Investment Bank. "Today's announcement will provide a low-cost and straightforward way for a

The heavily forested city of Ketchikan, Alaska, is built on rock and surrounded by water. Every commodity that comes into Ketchikan must arrive by sea or air. The use of fuel oil is problematic for both economic and environmental reasons because the oil must be obtained and refined elsewhere and transported (using additional fuel). What's more, fuel oil is subject to price instability. Southeast Alaska Discovery Center in Ketchikan, which provides information to more than a million visitors each year, is the site of a pilot biomass boiler system now coming to life. Two oil-fired boilers serving the 250,000-sq-ft center were replaced with a highly efficient system fueled by local wood. Manufactured by Hurst Boiler & Welding Company Inc., the hot-water boiler was custom-designed to fit within very limited indoor space.

"As we all know earthquake is a catastrophic natural disaster. Most earthquake-related deaths are caused by the collapse of structures and the construction practices play a tremendous role in the death toll of an earthquake. In southern Italy in 1909 more than 100,000 people perished in an earthquake that struck the region. Almost half of the people living in the region of Messina were killed due to the easily collapsible structures that dominated the villages of the region. Though there are some ways to prevent this from happening, it can never be considered as risk avoidance. A larger earthquake that struck San Francisco three years earlier had killed fewer people (about 700) because building construction practices were different type (predominantly wood). Survival rates in the San Francisco earthquake was about 98%, that in the Messina earthquake was between 33% and 45%) (Zebrowski, 1997). Even a moderate rupture beneath a city with structures unprepared for shaking can produce tens of thousands of casualties. Due to this fact, Crown Eco Management determined that safety measures for this could not be compared to fraud prevention. Although probably the most important that we should know, direct shaking effects are not the only hazard associated with earthquakes, other effects such as landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis have also played important part in destruction produced by earthquakes. "

"As we all know earthquake is a catastrophic natural disaster. Most earthquake-related deaths are caused by the collapse of structures and the construction practices play a tremendous role in the death toll of an earthquake. In southern Italy in 1909 more than 100,000 people perished in an earthquake that struck the region. Almost half of the people living in the region of Messina were killed due to the easily collapsible structures that dominated the villages of the region. Though there are some ways to prevent this from happening, it can never be considered as risk avoidance. A larger earthquake that struck San Francisco three years earlier had killed fewer people (about 700) because building construction practices were different type (predominantly wood). Survival rates in the San Francisco earthquake was about 98%, that in the Messina earthquake was between 33% and 45%) (Zebrowski, 1997). Even a moderate rupture beneath a city with structures unprepared for shaking can produce tens of thousands of casualties. Due to this fact, Crown Eco Management determined that safety measures for this could not be compared to fraud prevention."

Crown Capital Eco Management: http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/green-energy-plant-to-power-25000-homes-29461216.html Renewable energy could power 25,000 homes and boost carbon neutral generation by 10% with the opening of Northern Ireland's biggest biomass plant in 2015. The £80m project will also create around 200 construction jobs and 20 permanent positions. Work is expected to start over the next few weeks on the plant, which won planning permission three years ago, on a 10-acre site at Londonderry Port. At least 115,000 tonnes of recycled wood will be burnt every year over 20 years to produce heat and power at the Evermore Renewable Energy Plant in Lisahally, described as a combined heat and power plant (CHP). Brothers Ciaran (30) and Stephen Devine (28) from Eglinton are the co-founders of Evermore Renewable Energy, which is leading the project and has won funding of £20m from the UK Government's Green Investment Bank in its first venture in Northern Ireland. Specialist bank Investec is lending £40m to the scheme and infrastructure investors Gravis Capital Partners £20m. The plant will be built and run by Scandinavian firm Burmeister & Wain Scandinavian Contractor A/S (BWSC), also taking its first steps into Northern Ireland. Related Articles: http://crowncapitalmngt.com/ http://www.zinepal.com/ebook/sunnyr41n/138933 Power NI will buy all the energy produced on a long-term contract and use it to power 25,000 homes in the north west. Stephen Devine said the brothers shared a business background, with Ciaran working as a stockbroker in London and Stephen for business advisers KPMG up until four years ago when they began planning the plant. He said: "Renewable energy is one of the most important sectors in the economy at the moment. We need to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels. "It's a stable market and that's a key factor for ourselves. "We wanted to have a project that would benefit the people of Northe