Transnational Republics of Commoning | David Bollier - 0 views
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Bollier commons solidaarisuustalous Rifkin Bauwens Mason p2p osuuskunta platformcoop yhteisötalous valtioteoria partner state jukkap2p
shared by Jukka Peltokoski on 03 Sep 16
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The nation-state as now constituted, in its close alliance with capital and markets, is largely incapable of transcending its core commitments to economic growth, consumerism, and the rights of capital and corporations -- arguably the core structural drivers of climate change.
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Because the piece -- "Transnational Republics of Commoning: Reinventing Governance Through Emergent Networking" -- is nearly 14,000 words long, I am separating it into three parts. You can download the full essay as a pdf file here.
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In moments of crisis, when the structures of conventional governance are suddenly exposed as weak or ineffectual, it is clear that there is no substitute for ordinary people acting together.
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collectively our choices and agency are the ultimate guarantors of any values we may wish to secure
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They can create their own cultural spaces to deliberate, collaborate and share resources without market and state structures that are often cumbersome, expensive, anti-social or predatory.
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A key political challenge of our time is to figure out new ways to preserve and extend the democratic capacities of ordinary people and rein in unaccountable market/state power, otherwise known as neoliberalism.
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Neoliberal economics and policy insist upon debt-driven economic growth, extractivist uses of the Earth, consumerism and nationalism
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the creative use of new digital technologies on open network platforms could inaugurate liberating new forms of “open source governance.”
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The superstructures of law and governance can achieve only so much without the consent of the governed.
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Benkler
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Rifkin
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Tapscott
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Mason
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Bauwens
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potentially transformative Commons Sector
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the innovations now unfolding in various tech spaces suggest the outlines of new post-capitalist institutions
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new types of group deliberation and governance software platforms such as Loomio and Co-budget; digital platforms that enable better management of ecological resources; and “blockchain ledger” technology, which is enabling new forms of network-native self-organization, collective action and “smart contracts”
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online guilds
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commons
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open design and manufacturing communities
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citizen-science
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a process of commoning
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to create functioning commons
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The collaborative communities now emerging on digital platforms do not worry so much about resource-depletion or free riders – problems that affect the management of water, fisheries and land – as how to intelligently curate information from the multitudes and design effective self-governance structures for virtual collaboration.
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The point of the commons paradigm, despite its many different flavors, is this: It provides “protected” space in which to re-imagine production and governance.
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“digital divide”
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more accessible and transparent than conventional state democracy and more solidly grounded through bottom-up participation and ethical accountability
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Digital networks are becoming deeply entangled with all aspects of life
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our lives with digital technologies are profoundly affecting how we regard property, political life, and economic life
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Facebook, Google, Uber, Airbnb and other corporate “gig economy” players
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Unlike these capital-driven enterprises, the collaborations that I am describing are fundamentally non-market and socially mindful in character. They are less defined by technology per se than by the new social forms and political /cultural attitudes that they engender.
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to move people beyond the producer/consumer dyad and formalistic notions of citizenship, and enable people to enact a more personal, DIY vision of self-provisioning and governance.
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The state, having cast its lot with capital accumulation and growth, is losing its credibility and competence in addressing larger needs.
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With the rise of market-centrism and rational choice economics, government was devalued and allowed a role only in cases of ‘market failure.’
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standard economics today largely ignores the fundamental, affirmative role that government plays in facilitating functional, trustworthy markets.
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popular distrust of government has soared. And why not? Government has lost its actual capacities to serve many non-market social and ecological needs.
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Given this void and the barriers to democratic action, many citizens who might otherwise engage with legitimate state policymaking have shifted their energies into “transnational, polycentric networks of governance in which power is dispersed,”
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the solidarity economy, Transition Towns, peer production, the commons
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Thus the impasse we face today: The neoliberal market/state agenda is inflicting grievous harm on the planet, social well-being and democracy – yet the market/state remains largely unresponsive to popular demands for change.
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The (Still-Emerging) Promise of Open Source Governance
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commons based on open tech platforms will play a central role in transforming our politics and polity
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Electronic networks are now a defining infrastructure shaping the conduct of political life, governance, commerce and culture.
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many legacy institutions and social practices continue to exist. But they have no choice but to evolve
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online commons are lightweight social systems that, with the right software and norms, can run quite efficiently on trust, reciprocity and modest governance structures
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that enable users to mutualize the benefits of their own online sharing
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Rifkin notes that the extreme productivity of digital technologies is lowering the marginal costs of production for many goods and services to near zero. This is undercutting the premises of conventional markets, which are based on private owners using proprietary means to extract profits from nature, communities and consumers.
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We are glimpsing at the outlines of a new economic system based on sharing and the collaborative commons. It is the first new paradigm-shifting system since the introduction of capitalism and communism.
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The “collaborative commons” that Rifkin describes is a hybrid capitalist/commons economy that is able to exploit the efficiencies and higher quality produced on open networks.
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“prosumers”
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are able to create their own goods and services
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But when some good or service is offered for at no cost, it really means that the user is the product: our personal data, attention, social attitudes lifestyle behavior, and even our digital identities, are the commodity that platform owners are seeking to “own.”
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To combat corporate exploitation of open platforms, many efforts are now afoot to establish digital commons as viable alternatives. The new models are sometimes called “platform co-operativism.
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Digital commons are materializing in part because it is easier and more socially satisfying to participate in a commons
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the most valuable networks are those that facilitate group affiliations to pursue shared goals – or what I would call commons
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Open source tools and principles could unleash this value – but it would subvert the business model.
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“hacktivists,” makers, software programmers and social media innovators who are consciously attempting to build tech platforms that can meet needs in post-capitalist ways, often via commons
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